Gut microbiota and the periodontal disease: role of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Gut microbiota and the periodontal disease: role of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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DOI：
10.1139/cjpp-2020-0215
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dragana Stanisic;M. Jovanović;Akash K. George;R. Homme;N. Tyagi;S. Tyagi;Mahavir Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dragana Stanisic;M. Jovanović;Akash K. George;R. Homme;N. Tyagi;S. Tyagi;Mahavir Singh
牙周病是由口腔卫生不良引起的，其特征在于牙周组织中的破坏性过程，包括牙龈、牙槽粘膜、牙骨质、牙周韧带和牙槽骨。值得注意的是，牙槽骨的破坏性事件与同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）代谢有关，但尚未得到充分研究。因此，Hcy对牙周病的发生、发展和维持的影响仍不完全清楚。高同型半胱氨酸（或高同型半胱氨酸血症; HHcy）对牙龈健康和牙齿产生有害影响。首先，促炎细胞因子如TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的产生增加导致影响甲硫氨酸（Met）和Hcy代谢（即1-碳代谢）的炎症级联反应，从而导致HHcy。其次，慢性疾病期间的代谢失调会增加炎症，导致维生素减少，特别是在Hcy代谢中起重要作用的B6，B12和叶酸。此外，考虑到在HHcy状态下的叶酸水平在微生态失调期间是重要的，这两种情况似乎密切相关，并且在这种情况下，HHcy诱导的微生态失调可能是牙周病的潜在原因之一。本文总结了牙周炎和高同型半胱氨酸之间的联系，特别强调了“口腔-肠道微生物组轴”和潜在的益生菌干预，以防止一些严重的牙周疾病的条件。
Periodontal disease results from poor oral hygiene and is characterized by a destructive process in periodontium that includes gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Notably, destructive event in alveolar bone has been linked to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism however; it has not been fully investigated. Therefore; implication of Hcy towards initiation, progression and maintenance of periodontal disease remains incompletely understood. Higher Hcy (or hyperhomocysteinemia; HHcy) exerts deleterious effects on gum health and teeth. Firstly, increased proinflammatory cytokines production such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 leads to an inflammatory cascade that affects methionine (Met) and Hcy metabolism (i.e. 1-carbon metabolism) leading to HHcy. Secondly, metabolic dysregulation during chronic conditions increases inflammation leading to decrease in vitamins, specifically B6, B12 and folic acid that play important roles in Hcy metabolism. Also, given the folate level in HHcy state that is important during dysbiosis, these two conditions appear to be intimately related, and in this context HHcy induced dysbiosis may be one of the potential causes of periodontal disease. This paper sums-up the link between periodontitis and HHcy, with a special emphasis on "oral-gut microbiome axis" and the potential probiotic intervention towards warding-off some of the serious periodontal disease conditions.