Biodiversity in Berlin and its potential for nature conservation
Biodiversity in Berlin and its potential for nature conservation
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00145-7
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发表时间：
2003-02
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
S. Zerbe;Ute Maurer;S. Schmitz;H. Sukopp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Zerbe;Ute Maurer;S. Schmitz;H. Sukopp
在柏林（德国）的选择栖息地进行了调查，重点是植物群和土地利用模式的多样性。一方面，植物物种的数量和土地利用模式的多样性之间的相关性表现为从中心到郊区的柏林的横断面。在城市中心和郊区之间的过渡地带，可以发现土地利用模式的最大变化和每平方公里物种数量的最高值，在那里，城市结构与大型公园，城市森林和较大的荒地等开放空间密切相关。根据中间干扰假说，马赛克的土地利用模式在过渡区与中等频率或强度的干扰，积极影响栖息地多样性，以及景观水平上的整体物种多样性。此外，在20世纪20年代和30年代建造的住宅区，从历史和现代的角度研究了植物群，以评估野生生长的土著和非土著植物物种，野生生长的观赏植物物种和种植树木的多样性。在管理不太密集的生境中记录的物种数量最多。除了结构性因素（如土地利用模式）决定了城市植物群和植被的多样性，这项研究还表明了历史因素对生物多样性的重要性。在过去的70年里（前和后二战时代）的土地利用的差异可以被看作是一个相对较高的多样性的植物群在调查的住宅区的解释。城市必须被视为一种新的环境类型，其物种组成和栖息地是城市工业区所特有的。未来城市工业区自然保护和可持续发展的研究和规划应充分考虑城市的生物多样性。对城市生物多样性的维护和发展提出了建议，重点是景观和栖息地以及物种多样性。
Selected habitats in Berlin (Germany) were investigated with a focus on the diversity of flora and land use patterns. On the one hand, the correlation between the number of plant species and the diversity of land use patterns is shown for a transection running from the center to the outskirts of Berlin. The greatest variety of land use patterns and the highest number of species per square kilometer can be found in the transition zone between the city center and the outskirts where urban structures are closely associated with open spaces like large parks, urban forests, and larger wastelands. In accordance with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, the mosaic of land use patterns in the transition zone with moderate frequencies or intensities of disturbance positively affects habitat diversity, as well as overall species diversity on the landscape level. Furthermore, in residential areas built in the 1920s and 1930s, the flora was studied from both a historical and a present-day perspective in order to assess the diversity of wild-growing indigenous and non-native plant species, wild-growing ornamental plant species, and planted trees. The highest numbers of species were recorded in less intensively managed habitats. In addition to structural factors (e.g. land use patterns) determining the diversity of flora and vegetation in cities, this study also demonstrates the importance of the historical factor for biodiversity. The differences in land use throughout the last 70 years (pre- and post-World War II era) can be seen as an explanation for the relatively high diversity of the flora in the investigated residential areas. Cities have to be regarded as a new type of environment with species compositions and habitats peculiar to urban-industrial areas. Future research and planning of nature conservation and sustainable development of urban-industrial areas should take the biological diversity in cities fully into account. Recommendations are given for the maintenance and development of biological diversity in cities, focussing on landscape and habitat as well as species diversity.