Comparing the Benguela and Humboldt marine upwelling ecosystems with indicators derived from inter-calibrated models
Comparing the Benguela and Humboldt marine upwelling ecosystems with indicators derived from inter-calibrated models
复制标题
将本格拉和洪堡海洋上升流生态系统与相互校准模型得出的指标进行比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.009
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Shannon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Moloney;A. Jarre;H. Arancibia;Y. Bozec;S. Neira;J. Roux;L. Shannon
大规模的，质量平衡营养模型已开发的北方和南部地区的本格拉和洪堡上升流生态系统。对其中四个Ecopath模型进行了比较和校准。建立了一个共同的模型结构，并使用一个共同的基础来推导出鲜为人知的参数值。由此产生的四个模型代表的生态系统中，主要的商业鱼类物种已中度至重度捕捞：智利中南部（1992年），中北部秘鲁（1973 - 1981年），南非（1980 - 1989年），纳米比亚（1995 - 2000年）。定量生态系统指标从这些模型进行了比较。基于大流量（涉及低营养级）或顶级捕食者的指标没有得到很好的估计，因为汇总问题。许多指标可以根据本格拉和洪堡两个系统之间的差异而不是根据捕鱼影响加以对比。其中包括与总渔获量有关的综合值和关键鱼种组的营养级。基于综合生物量、总生产量和总消费量的指标往往反映出纳米比亚模式（鱼类种群严重减少）与其他模式之间的差异。我们的结论是，一套指标需要代表生态系统的状态，解释需要相对详细的了解不同的生态系统。
Large-scale, mass-balance trophic models have been developed for northern and southern regions of both the Benguela and Humboldt upwelling ecosystems. Four of these Ecopath models were compared and calibrated against one another. A common model structure was established, and a common basis was used to derive poorly known parameter values. The four resulting models represent ecosystems in which the main commercial fish species have been moderately to heavily fished: central-southern Chile (1992), northern-central Peru (1973–1981), South Africa (1980–1989), and Namibia (1995–2000). Quantitative ecosystem indicators derived from these models were compared. Indicators based on large flows (involving low trophic levels) or top predators were not well estimated, because of aggregation problems. Many of the indicators could be contrasted on the basis of differences between the Benguela and Humboldt systems, rather than on the basis of fishing impact. These include integrated values relating to total catches, and trophic levels of key species groups. Indicators based on integrated biomass, total production, and total consumption tended to capture differences between the model for Namibia (where fish populations were severely reduced) and the other models. We conclude that a suite of indicators is required to represent ecosystem state, and that interpretation requires relatively detailed understanding of the different ecosystems.