What Visual Information Do Children and Adults Consider While Switching Between Tasks? Eye-Tracking Investigation of Cognitive Flexibility Development
What Visual Information Do Children and Adults Consider While Switching Between Tasks? Eye-Tracking Investigation of Cognitive Flexibility Development
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019674
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lucenet, Joanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chevalier, Nicolas;Blaye, Agnes;Lucenet, Joanna
这项研究调查了儿童和成人在切换或维持物体匹配规则时所考虑的视觉信息。5岁和6岁儿童和成年人的眼球运动是用两种版本的高级维度变化卡分类收集的，这需要在形状和颜色匹配规则之间进行切换。除了传统的具有二维物体(例如，蓝熊)的综合版本外，参与者还在以一维物体对作为刺激(例如，蓝色斑块旁边的非彩色熊)的分离版本上进行测试，以便可以区分对刺激的相关和无关维度的注视。根据儿童是否必须改变或保持匹配规则，注视时间的分布是不同的。实验类型的注视时间的差异主要是观察到线索以及刺激的相关和无关维度，而反应选项即使是最小的儿童也很少被注视。此外，无论形状是否相关，刺激的形状通道都比颜色通道更受关注。最后，注视模式随年龄的变化而变化。这些结果表明，转换成本更多地与刺激相关维度的选择有关，而不是与反应选择有关，并指出灵活行为背后的策略与年龄相关的差异。
This study investigated the visual information that children and adults consider while switching or maintaining object-matching rules. Eye movements of 5- and 6-year-old children and adults were collected with two versions of the Advanced Dimensional Change Card Sort, which requires switching between shape- and color-matching rules. In addition to a traditional integrated version with bidimensional objects (e.g., a blue bear), participants were tested on a dissociated version with pairs of unidimensional objects as stimuli (e.g., a noncolored bear beside a blue patch) so that fixations on the relevant and irrelevant dimensions of the stimuli could be distinguished. The fixation times were differentially distributed depending on whether children had to switch or maintain matching rules. Trial type differences in fixation times were primarily observed for the cues and the relevant and irrelevant dimensions of the stimuli, whereas responses options were seldom fixated even by the youngest children. In addition, the shape modality of the stimulus was more fixated than the color modality whether or not shape was relevant. Finally, the fixation patterns were modulated by age. These results suggest that switch costs are more related to selection of the relevant dimension on the stimulus than to response selection and point to age-related differences in strategies underlying flexible behavior.