A Comprehensive Entomological, Serological and Molecular Study of 2013 Dengue Outbreak of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
A Comprehensive Entomological, Serological and Molecular Study of 2013 Dengue Outbreak of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0147416
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Amin I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan J;Khan I;Amin I
埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊在登革热病毒传播给人类方面起着重要作用。单个受感染的伊蚊能够充当登革病毒的储存器/放大器宿主，并且可以通过登革病毒（DENV）的水平和垂直传播模式引起流行病。通过了解有助于登革热传播的因素，可以澄清目前和未来的登革热发展。目前的研究涉及登革热的分子监测，以及2013年巴基斯坦斯瓦特登革热流行的生态和社会背景。在此，我们报告了2013年7月至11月在巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区的7个登革热流行地点的公共和私人场所的家庭和寄生虫容器中的登革热媒介监测。采用黄病毒属特异性逆转录酶（RT）半巢式PCR检测方法，我们筛选了登革阳性患者的血液样本（N = 500），150个成蚊池和25个幼虫池。34个成蚊池和7个幼蚊池均为阳性。成虫阳性样本池包括30个Ae样本池。aegypti和4池Ae.白纹伊蚊的7个幼虫池中，有5个Ae. aegypti和2池Ae.白纹伊蚊阳性。检测到的登革病毒的推定基因组是DENV-2（14个蚊池中35%和血清中39%）和DENV-3（27个蚊池中65%和血清中61%）。7月和8月记录到较高的病媒密度和登革热传播率（由于病媒生长的有利条件）。约37%。aegpti和34%的Ae.白纹蚊是从桶内的积水中收集，其次是从食水缸（23%及26%），轮胎（20%及18%）及弃置容器（10%及6%）收集。在调查地区中，赛杜受登革热影响严重（26%），其次是坎朱（20%）和兰迪卡斯（12%）。感染率最高的年龄组为<15岁（40%），其次为15-45岁（35%）和>45岁（25%），男性（55.3%）多于女性（44.7%）。病媒蚊子密度的增加和随后的病毒传播是由生态、生物和社会因素的复杂相互作用决定的。适宜的环境条件和伊蚊通过DENV的跨卵巢传播的可辨别作用是巴基斯坦登革热最近地理增长不可或缺的。气候变化影响病媒的生存和扩散以及登革热的传播率。必须强调和优先重视控制伊蚊（病媒）和消除滋生源。这些行动不仅可以减少登革热在流行期间传播的风险，而且还可以最大限度地减少登革热病毒在该地区新的（非流行）地区建立的机会。
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus play a fundamental role in transmission of dengue virus to humans. A single infected Aedes mosquito is capable to act as a reservoir/amplifier host for dengue virus and may cause epidemics via horizontal and vertical modes of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. The present and future dengue development can be clarified by understanding the elements which help the dissemination of dengue transmission. The current study deals with molecular surveillance of dengue in addition to ecological and social context of 2013 dengue epidemics in Swat, Pakistan. Herein, we reported dengue vectors surveillance in domestic and peridomistic containers in public and private places in 7 dengue epidemic-prone sites in District Swat, Pakistan from July to November 2013. Using the Flaviviruses genus-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) semi nested-PCR assay, we screened blood samples (N = 500) of dengue positive patients, 150 adult mosquito pools and 25 larval pools. The 34 adult and 7 larval mosquito pools were found positive. The adult positive pools comprised 30 pools of Ae. aegypti and 4 pools of Ae. albopictus, while among the 7 larval pools, 5 pools of Ae. aegypti and 2 pools of Ae. albopictus were positive. The detected putative genomes of dengue virus were of DENV-2 (35% in 14 mosquito pools & 39% in serum) and DENV-3 (65% in 27 mosquito pools & 61% in serum). The higher vector density and dengue transmission rate was recorded in July and August (due to favorable conditions for vector growth). About 37% of Ae. aegpti and 34% Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected from stagnant water in drums, followed by drinking water tanks (23% & 26%), tires (20% & 18%) and discarded containers (10% & 6%). Among the surveyed areas, Saidu was heavily affected (26%) by dengue followed by Kanju (20% and Landikas (12%). The maximum infection was observed in the age group of <15 (40%) followed by 15–45 (35%) and >45 (25%) years and was more in males (55.3%) as compare to females (44.7%). The increase in vector mosquito density and the subsequent viral transmission was determined by a complex interplay of ecological, biological and social factors. The suitable environmental conditions and discriminable role of Aedes through trans-ovarial transmission of DENV is indispensable in the recent geographic increase of dengue in Pakistan. Climate change affects the survival and dispersion of vectors as well as the transmission rates of dengue. Control of Aedes mosquitoes (vectors) and elimination of breeding sources must be emphasized and prioritized. Such actions may not only reduce the risk of dengue transmission during epidemics, but also minimize the chances of dengue viruses establishment in new (non endemic) areas of the region.