Issues in vaccinology: Present challenges and future directions
Issues in vaccinology: Present challenges and future directions
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疫苗学问题：当前挑战和未来方向
DOI：
10.1002/eji.201746942
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
A. Pollard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Sheerin;P. Openshaw;A. Pollard
疫苗接种是控制传染病的主要和高度成本效益的手段，通过赋予持久的免疫记忆和诱导群体水平的群体免疫来提供针对病原体的直接保护。尽管疫苗学正在迅速取得进展，但开发和部署新型或改进的疫苗仍然存在许多障碍;这些障碍包括如何诱导和维持适当的保护性免疫应答的基础科学以及官僚主义，后勤和社会政治障碍。未能向高危社区分发和管理现有疫苗仍然是全世界婴儿死亡率的很大一部分：近2000万儿童无法获得基本疫苗，每年仍有数百万儿童因此死亡。虽然新出现的流行病或大流行性疾病对全球健康和繁荣构成重大威胁，但许多传染病对医疗保健系统造成持续或周期性负担，也需要加以解决。人类免疫系统知识的空白阻碍了克服个体和病原变异的技术开发。本次审查的重点是应对传染病的挑战和预防医学领域为改善当前全球卫生状况可能采取的方向。
Vaccination is a principal and highly cost‐effective means of controlling infectious diseases, providing direct protection against pathogens by conferring long‐lasting immunological memory and inducing population‐level herd immunity. Despite rapid ongoing progress in vaccinology, there remain many obstacles to the development and deployment of novel or improved vaccines; these include the underlying science of how to induce and sustain appropriate protective immune responses as well as bureaucratic, logistic and socio‐political hurdles. The failure to distribute and administer existing vaccines to at‐risk communities continues to account for a large proportion of infant mortality worldwide: almost 20 million children do not have access to basic vaccines and several million still die each year as a result. While emerging epidemic or pandemic diseases pose a significant threat to global health and prosperity, there are many infectious diseases which provide a continuous or cyclical burden on healthcare systems which also need to be addressed. Gaps in knowledge of the human immune system stand in the way of developing technologies to overcome individual and pathogenic variation. The challenges in tackling infectious disease and directions that the field of preventive medicine may take to improve the current picture of global health are the focus of this review.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Bialas KM;Permar SR
通讯作者：
Permar SR
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Phadke, Varun K.;Bednarczyk, Robert A.;Salmon, Daniel A.;Omer, Saad B.
通讯作者：
Omer, Saad B.