The contribution of theory and experiments to conservation in fragmented landscapes
The contribution of theory and experiments to conservation in fragmented landscapes
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DOI：
10.1111/ecog.02546
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
J. Resasco;E. Bruna;N. Haddad;Cristina Banks‐Leite;C. Margules
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Resasco;E. Bruna;N. Haddad;Cristina Banks‐Leite;C. Margules
陆地生态系统的清理和随后的破碎被普遍认为是生物多样性下降的主要原因。这些和其他对栖息地破碎化的预测反应都源自理论，生态学家已经通过从观察到实验操作的经验方法对其进行了测试。这些实证方法还确定了需要进一步发展的理论领域。例如，碎片化的实验研究提供了一些见解，例如碎片周围的基质所发挥的关键作用、边缘效应的重要性以及将碎片相互连接的走廊的影响。然而，尚不清楚的是，这些理论和实证研究在推进我们对景观变化的生态反应的概念理解的同时，在多大程度上有助于指导管理和保护实践。我们回顾了从景观尺度破碎化实验和观察研究中吸取的经验教训，介绍了破碎化和保护专家的调查结果，探讨了破碎化研究和保护实践之间的联系和不匹配，并讨论了未来的研究如何为保护实践做出贡献。我们的调查显示，受访者认为破碎理论和实证研究及其发现对于指导保护和管理实践很重要。调查还发现，碎片化生态学家通常研究的内容与生物多样性保护实践的核心因素之间存在脱节，特别是基于社区的人类维度（例如经济、社会、健康问题）、政策和治理、生态系统服务、物种的生态进化反应以及对生物多样性和生态系统过程的多种威胁的相互作用。我们讨论这些脱节如何为实验提供机会，以便继续为破碎景观的保护实践提供有价值的建议。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
The clearing and subsequent fragmentation of terrestrial ecosystems is commonly acknowledged as a major cause of the decline of biodiversity. These and other predicted responses to habitat fragmentation are derived from theory, which ecologists have tested with empirical approaches ranging from observations to experimental manipulations. These empirical approaches have also identified areas of theory in need of additional development. For example, experimental studies of fragmentation have provided insights such as the key role played by the matrix surrounding fragments, the importance of edge effects, and the impacts of corridors linking fragments with one another. Much less clear, however, is the extent to which these theoretical and empirical studies – while advancing our conceptual understanding of ecological responses to landscape change – help guide management and conservation practice. We review lessons learned from landscape-scale fragmentation experiments and observational studies, present the results of a survey of fragmentation and conservation experts which probed for links and mismatches between fragmentation studies and conservation practice, and discuss how future studies can contribute to conservation practice. Our survey showed that respondents consider fragmentation theory and empirical studies and their findings important for guiding conservation and management practices. The survey also identified that there are disconnects between what is typically studied by fragmentation ecologists and factors that are central to the practice of biodiversity conservation, notably, community-based human dimensions (e.g., economic, social, health issues), policy and governance, ecosystem services, eco-evolutionary responses of species, and interaction of multiple threats to biodiversity and ecosystem processes. We discuss how these disconnects can present opportunities for experiments to continue to provide valuable recommendations for conservation practice in fragmented landscapes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.