Holocene agriculture in the Guanzhong Basin in NW China indicated by pollen and charcoal evidence
Holocene agriculture in the Guanzhong Basin in NW China indicated by pollen and charcoal evidence
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DOI：
10.1177/0959683609345083
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zhou, Xinying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xiaoqiang;Shang, Xue;Zhou, Xinying
全新世早期农业的出现和迅速发展对人类社会的发展和景观变化产生了巨大的影响。黄河中游的关中盆地自新石器时代以来就有着悠久的农业历史。关中盆地西部辛店地区的花粉和木炭记录，以及已知的考古遗址分布，为重建农业活动和景观变化的历史提供了代用指标。从距今7700年左右开始，禾本科花粉的浓度和百分比都有增加的趋势，木炭的浓度也有增加的趋势。这些记录表明，“刀耕火种”的农业耕作开始于大约7700年前7700年至5500年BP之间，谷物作物的证据仍然很强，木炭浓度和考古遗址大大增加，这都表明农业活动增加和人口的扩张。在距今4700年至3300年之间，特别是在青铜时代的前周朝，新的耕作工具和技术的不断发展加强了这一点。原始农业景观在3300年BP后才开始定居。荞麦成为一种重要的作物，从大约5500年BP，也许是因为日益干旱。这是中国新石器时代栽培荞麦的最早记录。
The emergence and rapid spread of agriculture from the early Holocene has made a great impact on the development of human societies and landscape change. Guanzhong Basin in the middle of Yellow River valley has a long continuous history of agriculture since the Neolithic. The pollen and charcoal records from Xindian in western Guanzhong Basin, together with the known distribution of archaeological sites, provide proxies to reconstruct the history of agricultural activity and landscape change. The concentration and percentage of Poaceae pollen increase from about 7700 yr BP ago and the concentration of charcoal shows the same trend. These records indicate that the 'slash-and-burn' cultivation for agriculture began around 7700 years ago Between 7700 and 5500 yr BP, the evidence of cereal crops remained strong and charcoal concentration and archaeological sites increased greatly, which all indicate increased agricultural activity and the expansion of human populations. This was enhanced by the continuous development of new cultivation tools and techniques between 4700 and 3300 yr BP, especially in the Bronze Age of the pre-Zhou Dynasty. The original agricultural landscape had been settled after 3300 yr BP. Buckwheat became an important crop from around 5500 yr BP, perhaps because of increasing aridity. This is the earliest record of cultivated buckwheat in Neolithic China.