Current status and pillars of direct air capture technologies.
Current status and pillars of direct air capture technologies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.isci.2022.103990
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发表时间：
2022-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Jiang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ozkan M;Nayak SP;Ruiz AD;Jiang W
气候变化要求采用负排放技术，如二氧化碳（CO2）的直接空气捕获（DAC），以降低温室气体对全球变暖的影响。最近，全球对DAC技术的兴趣提高，促使全球实施新的税收抵免和新政策，激励现有的DAC公司，并促进创业热潮。目前，全球有19个DAC工厂在运营，每年捕获超过0.01 Mt CO2。每年平均捕获10，000吨CO2的DAC活跃工厂仍处于起步阶段，而且价格昂贵。DAC技术仍需要在三个方面进行改进：1）接触器，2）吸附剂和3）再生以降低成本。所有三个领域都需要以技术为基础的经济发展，以实现<100美元/吨的二氧化碳，这使得DAC在经济上可行。目前的DAC成本比期望成本高约2-6倍，并且高度依赖于所使用的能源。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了商业DAC技术的现状，并阐明了技术的五大支柱，包括捕获技术、能源需求、最终成本、环境影响和政治支持。我们解释了液体和固体碳捕获技术的处理步骤，并指出了其具体的能源需求。详细讨论了DAC的资本和运营成本的基础上，工厂的电力能源，土地和水的DAC的需求。在全球变暖1.5-2°C的情况下，仅发展援助委员会就面临着达到《巴黎协定》目标所述碳捕获率的挑战。然而，DAC可能部分有助于抵消难以避免的年度排放量，这些排放量来自混凝土（108%），运输（1024%），钢铁工业（1011%）和野火（100.8%）。化学工程;能源可持续性;环境技术;机械工程
Climate change calls for adaptation of negative emission technologies such as direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO2) to lower the global warming impacts of greenhouse gases. Recently, elevated global interests to the DAC technologies prompted implementation of new tax credits and new policies worldwide that motivated the existing DAC companies and prompted the startup boom. There are presently 19 DAC plants operating worldwide, capturing more than 0.01 Mt CO2/year. DAC active plants capturing in average 10,000 tons of CO2 annually are still in their infancy and are expensive. DAC technologies still need to improve in three areas: 1) Contactor, 2) Sorbent, and 3) Regeneration to drive down the costs. Technology-based economic development in all three areas are required to achieve <$100/ton of CO2 which makes DAC economically viable. Current DAC cost is about 2–6 times higher than the desired cost and depends highly on the source of energy used. In this review, we present the current status of commercial DAC technologies and elucidate the five pillars of technology including capture technologies, their energy demand, final costs, environmental impacts, and political support. We explain processing steps for liquid and solid carbon capture technologies and indicate their specific energy requirements. DAC capital and operational cost based on plant power energy sources, land and water needs of DAC are discussed in detail. At 0.01 Mt CO2/year capture capacity, DAC alone faces a challenge to meet the rates of carbon capture described in the goals of the Paris Agreement with 1.5–2°C of global warming. However, DAC may partially help to offset difficult to avoid annual emissions from concrete (∼8%), transportation (∼24%), iron-steel industry (∼11%), and wildfires (∼0.8%). Chemical engineering; Energy sustainability; Environmental technology; Mechanical engineering
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Azarabadi, Habib;Lackner, Klaus S.
通讯作者：
Lackner, Klaus S.