Symposium overview: incorporating ecosystem objectives within fisheries management
Symposium overview: incorporating ecosystem objectives within fisheries management
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研讨会概述：将生态系统目标纳入渔业管理
DOI：
10.1006/jmsc.2000.0741
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Robert O’Boyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henrik Gislason;Michael Sinclair;Keith Sainsbury;Robert O’Boyle
在介绍了专题讨论会的广泛背景之后，
口头报告归纳为三个主题：全球渔业综合报告
对不同生态系统的影响;现有量化方法概述
生态系统影响;以及渔业和环境管理的一体化。
这些介绍提供了大量证据，表明海洋生态系统已经
受渔业影响。此外，似乎有一个广泛的共识，目前
实现渔业管理养护目标的方法不
充分考虑生态系统因素。然而，没有一个
就需要什么额外的限制，或就
生态系统必须得到保护。一个前进的方向是将生态系统目标纳入
渔业管理计划的养护部分，以及
其他海洋利用部门的计划。海洋利用活动的总量需要
在一系列地理尺度上，以嵌套方式进行评价，
广泛的保护目标。有人建议，
生态系统考虑因素的评价可以以务实的方式确定，
政治和行政系统的人为界限已经
到位建议的6项保育目标包括：（1）维持生态系统
多样性，（2）物种多样性，（3）物种内的遗传变异性，（4）直接
受影响物种，（5）生态依赖物种，（6）营养级平衡。
讨论了每个目标的指标，以及
触发管理操作。渔业养护目标的这种扩大
管理将需要加强监测和增加工作量，
通过同行审查提供科学咨询意见的过程。同样重要的
将是建立治理框架以解决多个
利用海洋资源。研讨会的精神是，
和治理方面的挑战将非常刺激。
Following an introduction to the broader context of the Symposium, the scope of the
oral presentations is summarized under three themes: a global synthesis of fisheries
impacts in different ecosystems; an overview of the methods available for quantifying
ecosystem impacts; and the integration of fisheries and environmental management.
The presentations generated substantial evidence that marine ecosystems have been
impacted by fishing. Also there appeared to be a broad consensus that the present
approach to achieving conservation objectives of fisheries management does not
sufficiently take into account ecosystem considerations. There was not, however, a
consensus on what additional restrictions are required, or on what features of
ecosystems need to be protected. A way forward is to add ecosystem objectives to the
conservation component of fisheries management plans, as well as to the management
plans for other ocean-use sectors. The aggregate ocean-use activities would need to be
evaluated in a nested manner, at a range of geographic scales, in relation to the more
broadly defined conservation objectives. It is suggested that the geographic scales for
evaluation of ecosystem considerations could be defined in a pragmatic manner based
on the somewhat artificial boundaries of political and administrative systems already
in place. The six conservation objectives proposed are maintenance of (1) ecosystem
diversity, (2) species diversity, (3) genetic variability within species, (4) directly
impacted species, (5) ecologically dependent species, and (6) trophic level balance.
Indicators for each objective are discussed, as well as reference points that would
trigger management actions. Such a broadening of conservation objectives for fisheries
mangement would require both enhanced monitoring and a greater workload added to
the process of provision of scientific advice through peer review. Of equal importance
would be the challenges of establishing a governance framework to address multiple
uses of marine resources. The spirit of the Symposium was that these coupled scientific
and governance challenges will be very stimulating.