Minor dental traits in East African cape hares and savanna hares (Lepus capensis and Lepus victoriae1): A study of intra‐ and interspecific variablity
Minor dental traits in East African cape hares and savanna hares (Lepus capensis and Lepus victoriae1): A study of intra‐ and interspecific variablity
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东非海角野兔和稀树草原野兔（Lepus capensis 和 Lepus victoriae1）的次要牙齿特征：种内和种间变异的研究
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05408.x
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Flux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Suchentrunk;J. Flux
研究了 246 个海角野兔样本和 42 个稀树草原野兔样本的总共 6252 颗牙齿的咬合变异。大多数野兔是 1967 年至 1968 年间在东非大裂谷（肯尼亚）采集的。同一时期从伊丽莎白女王国家公园（现乌干达鲁恩佐里国家公园）获得了一些稀树草原野兔。总共描述了 61 种有关牙釉质褶皱、折叠和湖泊的变体。两个物种中只有三颗牙齿（I2、M3、I1）被证明是不变的。在每个物种中，指定了三个区域单位（采样地点）。对区域单位之间和两个物种之间的非计量（表观遗传）变异性和地理差异的定量分析基于 31 个二分法（0/1 分数）特征。它们是根据常见的变体创建的。大多数字符都显示出高度的双边对称性，但字符之间的变化却是相互独立的。这表明咬合模式缺乏复杂的形态类型。计算所有区域单位和组合物种样本的所有特征状态的频率。两个物种之间的咬合特征没有发现明显差异。基于字符得分，将个体间表观遗传变异性计算为每个样本中单个字符的标准差的平均值。两个物种之间以及每个物种内的区域单位之间没有差异。只有来自伊丽莎白女王公园的稀树草原野兔的牙釉质结构折叠和褶皱的趋势有所减少。使用 C. A. B. Smith 的“平均差异测量”作为距离测量来评估两个物种之间以及区域单位之间咬合特征状态的差异。 15 个成对形态距离中有 13 个与零显着不同。基于这些距离测量的 UPGMA 树状图揭示了两个物种明显的表观遗传分离。在每个物种中，轻微的地理差异对应于区域单位的空间分布。对于海角野兔来说，空间差异也与气候条件的一些变化同时发生。鉴于缺乏复杂的咬合类型以及与种内相比更大的种间差异，性状变异可能是由系统发育而不是生态发育过程引起的。
Occlusal variants of a total of 6252 teeth of 246 specimens of cape hares and 42 specimens of savanna hares were studied. Most hares were collected in the Great Rift Valley (Kenya) during 1967-1968. Some savanna hares were obtained from the Queen Elizabeth National Park (now Ruenzori NP, Uganda) in the same period. In total, 61 variants concerning enamel folds, plication, and lakes were described. Only three teeth (I2, M3, I1) proved invariant in both species. In each species, three regional units (sampling locations) were specified. Quantitative analyses of nonmetric (epigenetic) variability and geographic divergence between the regional units and between the two species were based on 31 dichotomized (0/1 scores) characters. They were created from the commonly encountered variants. A high degree of bilateral symmetry was revealed in most characters, but characters varied independently from one another. This indicated a lack of complex morphotypes in the occlusal patterns. The frequencies of all character states were calculated for all regional units and the combined species samples. No categorical differences were found in occlusal characters between the two species. The interindividual epigenetic variability was calculated as the mean of standard deviations of single characters in each sample based on the character scores. It did not differ between the two species and among the regional units within each species. Only in savanna hares from the Queen Elizabeth Park was the tendency of folding and plication of enamel structures somewhat reduced. Divergence of occlusal character states between the two species and among regional units was assessed by using C. A. B. Smith's ‘mean measure of divergence’as a distance measurement. Thirteen of 15 pairwise morphological distances differed significantly from zero. A UPGMA dendrogram based on these distance measurements revealed distinct epigenetic separation of the two species. Within each species, slight geographic divergence corresponded to the spatial distribution of the regional units. In cape hares, spatial divergence also paralleled some changes in climatic conditions. In view of the lack of complex occlusal types and the larger interspecific divergence as compared to the intraspecific, character variation is likely to be caused by phylogenetic rather than by ecogenetic processes.