Oblique cord (chorda obliqua) of the forearm and muscle-associated fibrous tissues at and around the elbow joint: a study of human foetal specimens
Oblique cord (chorda obliqua) of the forearm and muscle-associated fibrous tissues at and around the elbow joint: a study of human foetal specimens
复制标题
前臂斜索（chorda obliqua）和肘关节及其周围的肌肉相关纤维组织：对人类胎儿标本的研究。
DOI：
10.5603/fm.a2016.0019
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Yan, T. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin, Z. W.;Jin, Y.;Yan, T. F.
在成人中，斜索（oblique cord或chorda obliqua）将拇长屈肌（FPL）和指深屈肌（FDP）的起点与旋后肌和肘关节分隔开来。本研究对胎儿斜索及相关肌肉的局部解剖结构进行了检查。对5例胎龄为14 - 16周的中期胎儿和12例胎龄为28 - 30周的晚期胎儿进行了半连续切片组织学检查，并对3例胎龄为30周的前臂进行了宏观评估。晚期胎儿在旋后肌和指深屈肌之间显示出一种筋膜结构。指深屈肌向近端延伸至肘关节，其肌起点使关节囊的尺侧远端部分增厚。拇长屈肌起点也向近端延伸，但未到达关节囊。这些形态与宏观检查结果一致。肱肌广泛附着于关节囊的近端前部。此外，内侧副韧带未被旋前屈肌覆盖，而是被肱三头肌覆盖。斜索在产前显然未形成。出生后，指深屈肌和拇长屈肌的近端部分可能被胶原组织替代，形成一种特殊的肌间隔，即斜索。这种肌肉 - 韧带的转变在桡骨环状韧带中也可观察到。胎儿肘关节的特征是受到指深屈肌、肱肌和肱三头肌的有力支撑。因此，胎儿的肘关节并非成人肘关节的缩小版。
In adults, the oblique cord or chorda obliqua separates the origins of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles from the supinator muscle and elbow joint. This study examined the topographic anatomy of the oblique cord and related muscles in foetuses. Semiserial sections of five mid-term foetuses of gestational age (GA) 14-16 weeks and 12 late-stage foetuses of GA 28-30 weeks were histologically examined and three forearms at GA 30 weeks were macroscopically evaluated. Late-stage foetuses showed a fascial structure between the supinator and FDP muscles. The latter extended proximally to the elbow joint and the muscle origin thickened the distal, ulnar part of the capsule. The FPL origin also extended proximally but did not reach the joint capsule. These morphologies were consistent with macroscopic examinations. The brachialis muscle was widely inserted into the proximal, anterior part of the capsule. In addition, the medial collateral ligament was not covered by the pronator-flexor muscles but by the triceps brachii muscle. The oblique cord apparently did not form prenatally. After birth, the proximal parts of the FDP and FPL muscles were likely replaced by collagenous tissues, providing a specific type of intermuscular septum i.e., the oblique cord. This type of muscle-ligament transition was observed in the annular ligament of the radius. The foetal elbow joint was characterised by strong support by the FDP, brachialis and triceps brachii muscles. Therefore, the foetal elbow is not a miniature version of the adult elbow.