Infant-feeding practices and their relationship with diarrheal and other diseases in Huascar (Lima), Peru.
Infant-feeding practices and their relationship with diarrheal and other diseases in Huascar (Lima), Peru.
复制标题
秘鲁瓦斯卡尔（利马）的婴儿喂养方式及其与腹泻和其他疾病的关系。
作者：
Kenneth H. Brown;Robert E. Black;Guillermo Lopez de Romaña;H C de Kanashiro
对153名来自贫困城市周边社区的秘鲁新生儿的喂养方式和传染病发病率进行了纵向研究，这些新生儿在出生后的第一年就完成了研究。通过每月一次的调查问卷对喂养方式进行评估，并通过每周三次的社区监测确定疾病。所有婴儿最初都是母乳喂养，但只有12%的婴儿在1个月大时完全母乳喂养。在12个月大的时候，86%的孩子仍然接受母乳喂养。6个月以下婴儿腹泻的发生率和流行率在纯母乳喂养的婴儿中比在母乳之外接受其他液体或人工乳喂养的婴儿要低。添加这些其他液体后，腹泻患病率翻了一番（15.2% vs 7.1%的患病天数，P < 0.001）。前6个月停止母乳喂养的婴儿腹泻率为27.6%。在出生后的第二个6个月，停止母乳喂养也与腹泻发病率和流行率增加有关。上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染在纯母乳喂养的幼儿中发生率较低。不同喂养方式的皮肤感染患病率并不一致，但纯母乳喂养的婴儿在出生后最初几个月的皮肤感染发生率往往较低，继续母乳喂养的较大婴儿的感染发生率低于没有母乳喂养的婴儿。这些结果都不能用婴儿家庭社会经济地位的差异来解释。
Longitudinal studies of the feeding practices and morbidity from infectious diseases of 153 Peruvian newborns from an underprivileged, periurban community were completed during their first year of life. Feeding practices were assessed by monthly questionnaires, and illnesses were identified by thrice-weekly, community-based surveillance. All infants were initially breast-fed, but only 12% were exclusively breast-fed at 1 month of age. At 12 months of age, 86% of children still received some breast milk. Incidence and prevalence rates of diarrhea in infants younger than 6 months of age were less among those who were exclusively breast-fed compared with those who received other liquids or artificial milks in addition to breast milk. The diarrheal prevalence rates doubled with the addition of these other fluids (15.2% v 7.1% of days ill, P less than .001). Infants for whom breast-feeding was discontinued during the first 6 months had 27.6% diarrheal prevalence. During the second 6 months of life, discontinuation of breast-feeding was also associated with an increased risk of diarrheal incidence and prevalence. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections occurred with lesser prevalence among exclusively breast-fed younger infants. The prevalences of skin infections by category of feeding practice were not as consistent, but exclusively breast-fed infants tended to have fewer skin infections during the initial months of life and older infants who continued to breast-feed had fewer infections than those who did not. None of the results could be explained by differences in the socioeconomic status of the infants' families.