Prospects for nanoporous metal-organic materials in advanced separations processes
Prospects for nanoporous metal-organic materials in advanced separations processes
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DOI：
10.1002/aic.10101
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发表时间：
2004-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
R. Snurr;J. Hupp;S. Nguyen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Snurr;J. Hupp;S. Nguyen
新材料催生新技术。纳米多孔金属有机材料-沸石的“软材料“类似物，但具有碳化合物的所有化学多样性-可能是从材料到技术的这条道路的引人注目的例子。研究这类新材料的研究小组正试图开发吸附剂和膜，这将彻底改变小分子分离，以及新型催化剂，其表现为强大的人工酶阵列。此外，金属有机材料有望成为超低密度海绵，可以为下一代汽车储存和释放大量的分子氢。推动这些材料发现的是超分子配位化学和基于金属的定向组装化学的进展。这些工具使世界各地的科学家和工程师能够以可预测的合成方式构建富有想象力的新金属有机材料。本文介绍了其中一些材料和迄今为止的结果，这些结果表明它们在执行要求严格的化学分离等方面具有潜力。这些新材料包括基于扩展多孔晶格的材料，以及基于单个中空分子聚集体的材料。每种类型似乎都为特定应用提供了优势。然而，它们的共同点是良好的渗透性，高空隙体积和均匀尺寸的良好定义的可定制空腔-正是催化，分离和存储/释放应用所需的特性。这仍然是一个新兴领域，有很多机会;许多新材料正在制造，潜力似乎很大，但金属有机材料在工业重要技术中的性能仍然是一个尚未探索的前沿。新材料：它们是什么以及它们已经有什么好处
New materials spur new technologies. Nanoporous metalorganic materials — “soft materials”analogues of zeolites, but with all of the chemical diversity of carbon compounds — may be compelling examples of this path from materials to technologies. Research teams investigating this new class of materials are trying to develop adsorbents and membranes that will revolutionize small-molecule separations, as well as new kinds of catalysts that behave as powerful arrays of artificial enzymes. In addition, metal-organic materials hold promise to act as ultra-low-density sponges that can store and release extraordinary amounts of molecular hydrogen for next-generation vehicles. Driving these materials discoveries are advances in supramolecular coordination chemistry and metal-based directedassembly chemistry. These tools are enabling scientists and engineers around the world to construct imaginative new metalorganic materials in synthetically predictable ways. This article describes some of these materials and results to date that suggest their potential for performing, among other things, demanding chemical separations. Comprising the new materials are ones based on extended porous crystalline lattices, as well as others based on aggregates of individual hollow molecules. Each type appears to offer advantages for specific applications. What they have in common, however, are good permeability, high void volumes, and well defined tailorable cavities of uniform size — precisely the properties needed for catalysis, separations, and storage/release applications. This is still an emerging field, with many opportunities; numerous new materials are being made and the potential appears great, but the performance of metal-organic materials in industrially important technologies is still a mostly unexplored frontier. The New Materials: What They Are and What They Are Already Good For