Atlatl Dart Velocity: Accurate Measurements and Implications for Paleoindian and Archaic Archaeology
Atlatl Dart Velocity: Accurate Measurements and Implications for Paleoindian and Archaic Archaeology
复制标题
Atlatl Dart 速度：准确测量及其对古印第安和古代考古学的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ryan J. Grohsmeyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Whittaker;Devin B. Pettigrew;Ryan J. Grohsmeyer
刺矛、手掷标枪和标枪都被认为是古猎人用来猎杀更新世巨型动物的武器。在我们能够区分考古背景下的武器或比较它们的效果之前，我们需要准确测量性能特征。速度直接影响动量和动能，从而影响射弹的破坏力，但对飞镖速度的精确测量却很少。测量飞镖的速度需要有人类投掷者参与的自然实验。我们使用各种各样的atlatl设备测量了许多训练有素的人，比较了雷达枪，电影和计时器测量的飞镖速度。狩猎和战争中使用的标枪加速器可能不会超过35米/秒（78英里/小时）。我们评估哈钦斯使用断裂速度测量石点区分古印度抛射体系统，这似乎是有前途的，但需要更好的实验支持，我们使用动能和动量计算各种抛射体考虑从atlatls弓在西南部的转变。
ABSTRACT Thrusting spears, hand-thrown javelins, and atlatls are all suggested as weapons used by Paleo hunters to bring down Pleistocene megafauna. Before we can distinguish between weapons in archaeological contexts, or compare their effects, we need accurate measurements of performance characteristics. Velocity directly influences momentum and kinetic energy and thus the damage a projectile can do, but accurate measurements of atlatl dart velocity are scarce. Measuring dart velocity requires naturalistic experiments involving human throwers. We measured numerous well-practiced individuals using a variety of atlatl equipment, comparing radar gun, film, and chronograph measurements of dart velocity. The atlatls used in hunting and warfare probably did not accelerate darts much beyond 35 m/s (78 mph). We evaluate Hutchings’ use of fracture velocity measurements on stone points to distinguish Paleoindian projectile systems, which seems promising but needs better experimental support, and we use kinetic energy and momentum calculations for various projectiles to consider the shift from atlatls to bows in the Southwest.