Allergic contact sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride. Cutaneous, ophthalmic, and general medical implications.
Allergic contact sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride. Cutaneous, ophthalmic, and general medical implications.
复制标题
对苯扎氯铵的过敏性接触敏感性。
作者：
A. Fisher;M. A. Stillman
苯扎氯铵(BAK)是一种应用广泛的季铵盐型阳离子洗涤剂。它偶尔会被报道为过敏性皮炎的原因之一。该制剂是眼科药物、隐形眼镜溶液和“人工泪液”中最常用的防腐剂。一名医生从含有BAK的眼药水中患上了严重的过敏性结膜炎。使用另一种含有这种防腐剂的制剂后，结膜炎变得更严重。斑贴试验对BAK呈强阳性反应。BAK唯一的另一例过敏性结膜炎，经斑贴试验确认为阳性，发表于1952年。法国研究人员报告说，对BAK的过敏反应可能是由于服用化学相关的降压和抗痉挛化合物而产生的全身反应。
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a widely used quaternary ammonium cationic detergent. It has occasionally been reported as a cause of allergic dermatitis. The agent is the most commonly used preservative in ophthalmic medications, solutions for contact lenses, and "artificial tears." A physician developed a severe allergic conjunctivitis from an ophthalmic solution containing BAK. The conjunctivitis became worse with the use of another preparation containing this preservative. The patch test reaction to BAK was strongly positive. The only other instance of allergic conjunctivitis from BAK, confirmed with a positive patch test, was published in 1952. French investigators report that allergic hypersensitivity to BAK may produce systemic reactions from the administration of chemically related antihypertensive and antispasmodic compounds.