Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing
Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1212646110
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发表时间：
2013-02-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sutton, Jeffrey P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Basner, Mathias;Dinges, David F.;Sutton, Jeffrey P.
行星际载人航天飞行的成功将取决于许多因素，包括暴露于长时间微重力和禁闭的宇航员的行为活动水平、睡眠和昼夜节律。为了解决后者的影响，我们使用了一个高保真地面模拟火星使命，以客观地跟踪睡眠-觉醒动力学的多国船员在520天的密闭隔离。测量包括连续记录腕关节活动和光照（439.6万分钟）和每周基于计算机的神经行为评估（n = 888），以确定在创纪录的17个月的使命禁闭期间机组人员的活动水平，睡眠数量和质量，睡眠-觉醒周期，警惕性能和工作量的变化。活动记录显示，在整个使命中，机组人员久坐增加，这在清醒运动减少中是明显的（即，运动功能减退）和睡眠和休息时间增加。在使命期间，光照减少。大多数机组人员还经历了一个或多个睡眠质量，警惕性缺陷，或改变睡眠-觉醒周期和时间的干扰，这表明不充分的昼夜节律夹带。研究结果表明，需要确定在长期隔离探索航天飞行期间对运动功能减退和睡眠-觉醒变化的差异脆弱性的标志，并需要确保在探索任务期间维持昼夜节律的夹带、睡眠数量和质量以及最佳活动水平。因此，成功适应这些任务将需要机组人员在航天器中过境并生活在地表栖息地，这些栖息地体现了人类行为时间组织和维持所需的地球地球物理信号（适当定时的光照，食物摄入，运动）。
The success of interplanetary human spaceflight will depend on many factors, including the behavioral activity levels, sleep, and circadian timing of crews exposed to prolonged microgravity and confinement. To address the effects of the latter, we used a high-fidelity ground simulation of a Mars mission to objectively track sleep-wake dynamics in a multinational crew of six during 520 d of confined isolation. Measurements included continuous recordings of wrist actigraphy and light exposure (4.396 million min) and weekly computer-based neurobehavioral assessments (n = 888) to identify changes in the crew's activity levels, sleep quantity and quality, sleep-wake periodicity, vigilance performance, and workload throughout the record-long 17 mo of mission confinement. Actigraphy revealed that crew sedentariness increased across the mission as evident in decreased waking movement (i.e., hypokinesis) and increased sleep and rest times. Light exposure decreased during the mission. The majority of crewmembers also experienced one or more disturbances of sleep quality, vigilance deficits, or altered sleep-wake periodicity and timing, suggesting inadequate circadian entrainment. The results point to the need to identify markers of differential vulnerability to hypokinesis and sleep-wake changes during the prolonged isolation of exploration spaceflight and the need to ensure maintenance of circadian entrainment, sleep quantity and quality, and optimal activity levels during exploration missions. Therefore, successful adaptation to such missions will require crew to transit in spacecraft and live in surface habitats that instantiate aspects of Earth's geophysical signals (appropriately timed light exposure, food intake, exercise) required for temporal organization and maintenance of human behavior.