Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer of humans.
Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer of humans.
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紫外线辐射与人类皮肤癌。
DOI：
10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00029-8
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Urbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Urbach
目前的科学证据表明，过去20年来全球平流层臭氧含量有所下降。趋势估计数明显取决于地理位置，季节性很强。冬季的趋势比夏季和秋季的趋势要消极得多。根据目前对氯释放的假设所作的预测表明，这种下降将持续到下一个世纪。在中纬度地区臭氧减少的基础上，根据季节和地理位置，预计生物有效紫外线辐射（UVR）将增加4%-9%。然而，紫外线辐射对地球表面的穿透受到云、气溶胶和对流层臭氧的极大影响，如果有的话，电流增加也没有这么大。紫外线辐射诱发非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）的直接证据来自小鼠和大鼠的动物实验。大量流行病学数据证实，这种关系也适用于人类皮肤。在过去的二十年中，NMSC发病率的增加不太可能是由于臭氧的减少，因为与紫外线对皮肤的影响相关的潜伏期很长（二至三十年）。对NMSC发展的作用谱的了解表明，平流层臭氧消耗1%预计可使NMSC在平衡状态下增加约2.0%。关于紫外线照射在恶性黑色素瘤（MM）发展中的作用的证据不太确定。据估计，臭氧减少1%可能导致MM增加0.6%。
Current scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone has declined worldwide over the past 20 years. The trend estimates are markedly dependent on the geographical location and are highly seasonal. Winter trends are much more negative than those for summer and autumn. Projections based on current assumptions of chlorine release suggest that this decline will continue into the next century. On the basis of the decrease in ozone over the mid-latitudes, an increase in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of 4%–9% is expected, depending on the season and geographical location. However, the UVR penetration to the Earth's surface is greatly affected by clouds, aerosols and tropospheric ozone, and current increases, if any, have not been as large as this. Direct evidence for the induction of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) due to UVR has been derived from animal experiments in mice and rats. Numerous epidemiological data confirm that this relationship also holds for human skin. The increase in NMSC incidence in the past two decades is not likely to be due to the decrease in ozone, given the long latency (two to three decades) associated with UVR effects on skin. A knowledge of the action spectrum for NMSC development suggests that a 1% depletion in stratospheric ozone may be expected to increase NMSC, at equilibrium, by about 2.0%. The evidence on the role of UVR exposure in the development of malignant melanoma (MM) is less certain. It has been estimated that a 1% reduction in ozone may cause an increase in MM of 0.6%.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.88.22.10124
发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BRASH, DE;RUDOLPH, JA;PONTEN, J
通讯作者：
PONTEN, J