Biochar-mediated abiotic and biotic degradation of halogenated organic contaminants – A review
Biochar-mediated abiotic and biotic degradation of halogenated organic contaminants – A review
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生物炭介导的卤化有机污染物的非生物和生物降解 — 综述
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158381
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Behrens, Sebastian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorner, Mariah;Lokesh, Srinidhi;Yang, Yu;Behrens, Sebastian
全球人口、城市化和农业生产的普遍增长对水资源造成了越来越大的压力，特别是在农业、工业和医学中使用化学品对水处理和再利用提出了新的挑战。有机卤素化合物是一种持久性污染物，通常无法通过现有的废水处理技术处理，导致其在环境中积累，并对生态系统健康构成严重威胁。热解碳作为电子穿梭和储存材料的最新进展揭示了它们在土壤、沉积物、地表水和废水系统中增强有机卤化物污染物脱卤和整体降解的潜力。生物炭是一种多孔碳质材料，在很少或没有氧气的存在下，在生物质原料的热化学分解（热解）过程中产生。对生物炭应用于环境修复的兴趣主要基于其三个明显的好处：I）碳螯合以抵消温室气体排放，II）（内）有机污染物和营养物的吸附，以及III）强的电子交换能力。由于生物炭材料固有的复杂性，存在几种电子传递机制，生物炭可以通过这些机制介导污染物降解。这些电子转移途径包括通过氧化还原活性官能团的电子接受和供给循环以及通过导电碳基质的直接电子转移。这些机制是负责生物炭的参与在多个氧化还原驱动的生物地球化学转化与有效的有机卤素补救证明的后果。本文综述了生物炭在不同环境条件下直接或间接介导有机卤素化合物转化的机理和过程。展望和研究方向，为未来的应用生物炭有针对性的修复策略进行了讨论。
Prevailing global increases in population, urbanization, and agricultural production are causing increased pressures on water resources, especially as the use of chemicals in agriculture, industry, and medicine provide new challenges for water treatment and reuse. Organohalogen compounds are persistent contaminants that often evade current wastewater treatment technologies, resulting in their accumulation in the environment and posing a serious threat to ecosystem health. Recent advances in understanding pyrogenic carbons as electron shuttling and storing materials have exposed their potential for enhancing the dehalogenation and overall degradation of organohalide contaminants in soil, sediment, surface water, and wastewater systems. Biochar is a porous carbonaceous material produced during the thermochemical decomposition of biomass feedstock in the presence of little or no oxygen (pyrolysis). Interest in biochar for application towards environmental remediation is largely based on its three distinct benefits: I) carbon sequestration to offset greenhouse gas emissions, II) adsorption of (in-) organic contaminants and nutrients, and III) a strong electron exchange capacity. Due to the innate complexity of biochar materials, several electron transfer mechanisms exist by which biochar may mediate contaminant degradation. These electron transfer pathways include electron-accepting and donating cycles through redox-active functional groups and direct electron transfer via conductive carbon matrices. These mechanisms are responsible for biochar's participation in multiple redox-driven biogeochemical transformations with proven consequences for effective organohalogen remediation. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms and processes through which biochar can directly or indirectly mediate the transformation of organohalogen compounds under various environmental conditions. Perspectives and research directions for future application of biochars for targeted remediation strategies are also discussed.