Understanding UKIP: Identity, Social Change and the Left Behind
Understanding UKIP: Identity, Social Change and the Left Behind
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-923x.12099
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Goodwin, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ford, Robert;Goodwin, Matthew
在本文中，我们探讨了有助于解释英国独立党作为英国主要激进右翼政治力量出现的结构性变化。这个故事有两个截然不同但又相关的方面。首先是英国经济和社会结构的变化，这些变化把我们称之为“落后者”的选民群体推到了边缘：年龄较大的、工人阶级的、没有多少教育背景的白人选民。第二是引导英国社会和塑造选民观点的价值观的长期代际变化。这些价值观的转变也把年长的白人工人阶级选民抛在了后面，因为曾经被视为主流的世界观，已经被年轻的、受过大学教育的、社会上更自由的精英们视为狭隘和不宽容的，而这些精英们定义了21世纪英国的政治共识。然后，我们开始考虑进一步边缘化这些选民的政治变化，因为先是工党，然后是保守党，他们把精力集中在招募和保留中产阶级，温和的摇摆选民的支持上。最后，我们展示了英国独立党如何发展成为一个有效的选举机器，它希望赢得并保持这些选民的忠诚。最后，我们讨论了极右翼叛乱的长期影响，这有可能改变2015年大选及以后英国政党竞争的性质。
In this article we explore the structural shifts which help explain the emergence of UKIP as a major radical-right political force in Britain. There are two distinct, but related, aspects to this story. The first is the changes to Britain's economic and social structure that have pushed to the margins a class of voters who we describe as the left behind': older, working-class, white voters with few educational qualifications. The second is long-term generational changes in the values that guide British society and shape the outlook of voters. These value shifts have also left older white working-class voters behind, as a worldview which was once seen as mainstream has become regarded as parochial and intolerant by the younger, university-educated, more socially liberal elites who define the political consensus of twenty-first-century Britain. We then move to consider the political changes that have further marginalised these voters, as first Labour and then the Conservatives focused their energies on recruiting and retaining support from middle-class, moderate swing voters. Finally, we show how UKIP has developed into an effective electoral machine which looks to win and retain the loyalties of these voters. Finally, we discuss the longer-term implications of the radical-right revolt, which has the potential to change the nature of party competition in Britain in the 2015 election and beyond.