The evolution of U.S. earnings inequality: 1961?2002
The evolution of U.S. earnings inequality: 1961?2002
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美国收入不平等的演变：1961 年至 2002 年
DOI：
10.21034/qr.2822
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eva Nagypal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Z. Eckstein;Eva Nagypal
本文的目的是利用1961年至2002年3月现行人口调查的数据，总结美国收入和就业分布的主要趋势。我们发现，不平等开始增加男性在1974年，女性在1981年，并为两性不平等继续增加整个2002年。在同一时期，大学毕业生相对于非大学工人的工资溢价大幅增加，受过大学教育的工人与非大学工人的比例也有所增加。这些事实支持流行的技能偏向技术变革（SBTC）假说。然而，其他事实对SBTC假设提出了一些质疑。首先，大学生工资溢价主要是由于拥有研究生学位的工人，但他们在劳动力中的增长比他们工资的惊人增长早得多。此外，近几十年来，工人的职业分布没有明显变化。然而，专业人士对蓝领工人的收入溢价遵循与大学收入溢价相同的趋势。最后，劳动力市场上最引人注目的变化发生在妇女身上。
The goal of this article is to summarize the main trends in the earnings and employment distribution in the United States using data drawn from the March Current Population Surveys covering the period between 1961 and 2002. We show that inequality started to increase for men in 1974, and for women in 1981, and for both genders inequality continued to increase throughout 2002. During the same period the wage premium of college graduates over non-college workers increased substantially and the ratio of college educated workers to non-college workers also increased. These facts support the popular skill-biased technical change (SBTC) hypothesis. However, other facts raise some doubts about the SBTC hypothesis. First, the college wage premium is mainly due to workers with a postgraduate degree, but their increase in the labor force started much earlier than the spectacular rise in their wages. Also there has been no marked change in recent decades in the occupational distribution of workers. However, the earning premium of professional over blue collar workers followed the same trend as the college earning premium. And finally, the most dramatic changes in the labor market took place among women.