Accounting methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and carbon footprints of livestock food products in different states of India
Accounting methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and carbon footprints of livestock food products in different states of India
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.096
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
A. Patra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Patra
根据2012年发布的最新印度牲畜种群数据，使用政府间气候变化专门委员会Tier 2（2006）指南估计了印度不同牲畜物种肠道发酵和粪便管理的温室气体（GHG）排放量，并评估了印度不同州不同牲畜产品的碳足迹（CF）。2012年，印度牲畜分别产生了304，030、31，045和3978千兆克的肠道甲烷（CH4）、粪便CH4和粪便一氧化二氮（N2O）。牛、布法罗、绵羊、山羊、猪和其他动物对温室气体的贡献分别为55%、37%、4%、2%、1%和1%。肠道CH4是温室气体的主要来源，占温室气体排放总量的89.7%，其次是粪便CH4（9.2%）和N2O（1.2%）。牛奶、肉类和蛋类的CF值在印度各邦之间差异很大。新鲜牛奶产量的平均CF值在杂交奶牛中要低得多（1.21 kg CO2e kg−1），其次是水牛（1.85 kg CO2e kg−1）和山羊（2.54 kg CO2e kg−1），最高的是土著牛（2.96 kg CO2e kg−1）。以温室气体kg CO2e kg− 1牛奶蛋白表示的CF值也观察到了这些趋势。然而，以千克CO2e MJ− 1牛奶能量输出为单位的温室气体CF值在杂交牛和水牛中相似（0.41和0.42千克CO2e MJ−1），但山羊（0.83千克CO2e MJ−1）和土著牛（1.0千克CO2e MJ−1）较高。印度不同邦的牛奶、肉类和蛋类的CF值差异很大，这表明，通过改变牲畜种群模式、采用改良的育种技术或杂交育种计划以及不同牲畜品种的集约化状况，可以大幅降低牲畜产品的CF。
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of different Indian livestock species were estimated from the latest Indian livestock population data published in 2012 using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 (2006) guidelines, and carbon footprints (CF) of different livestock products were assessed in different states of India. Indian livestock produced 304,030, 31,045 and 3978 Gg y−1in CO2equivalent (CO2e) of enteric methane (CH4), manure CH4and manure nitrous oxide (N2O), respectively in 2012. The contributions of GHG by cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and other animals were 55, 37, 4, 2, 1 and 1%, respectively. Enteric CH4was the major source of GHG, accounting for 89.7% of total GHG emissions, followed by manure CH4(9.2%) and N2O (1.2%). The CF values for milk, meat and eggs ranged widely among the different states of India. The average CF values of fresh milk production were considerably lower for crossbred cows (1.21 kg CO2e kg−1), followed by buffaloes (1.85 kg CO2e kg−1) and goats (2.54 kg CO2e kg−1), and were highest for indigenous cattle (2.96 kg CO2e kg−1). These trends were also observed for CF values expressed as GHG kg CO2e kg−1milk protein. However, CF values in terms of GHG in kg CO2e MJ−1milk energy output were similar for crossbred cattle and buffaloes (0.41 and 0.42 kg CO2e MJ−1), but were higher for goats (0.83 kg CO2e MJ−1) and indigenous cattle (1.0 kg CO2e MJ−1). The wide range of CF values for milk, meat and eggs in different states of India suggests that CF of livestock products could be reduced substantially through changes in the pattern of livestock population, adoption of improved breeding technologies or crossbreeding programs and status of intensification for different livestock species.