Altruism, prudence, and theory of mind in preschoolers.
Altruism, prudence, and theory of mind in preschoolers.
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学龄前儿童的利他主义、谨慎和心理理论。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shannon Macgillivray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Moore;Shannon Macgillivray
本章报告的工作源于两条相辅相成的思路。一种是对组织行为所涉及的心理机制的考虑，这些行为并不符合行为人的最直接利益，而是符合其他人的利益--简而言之，利他主义。显然，这个问题从根本上讲是关于道德行动的。然而，我们对这个主题的思考将我们引向了一个与传统的道德推理发展工作不同的方向，道德推理的发展主要是关于行为者用来证明道德行为正当的规则的种类(见本卷第五章)。相反，我们考虑的是行动如何受到利益或目标的激励，而这些利益或目标不是演员自己直接的利益或目标。不是行为者自己直接目标或利益的目标或利益包括那些可归因于他人或未来归因于自己的目标或利益。我们将这些统称为非当前目标或利益。在区分眼前和非眼前的利益和目标时，我们还考虑了利他主义和审慎之间的联系。所谓谨慎，我们指的是以牺牲眼前目标为代价，为实现自我未来所期望的目标而设计的行动。日常生活中的典型例子是节食、为体育赛事训练和省钱。
The work reported in this chapter arose from two complementary lines of thinking. One was a consideration of the psychological mechanisms involved in organizing behavior that is not in the best immediate interests of the actor but rather is in the interests of someone else—in short, altruism. Clearly this issue is fundamentally about moral action. However, our thinking on the topic led us in a different direction from traditional work on the development of moral reasoning, which is primarily about the kinds of rules actors use to justify moral action (see Chapter Five, this volume). Instead, we considered how action could be motivated by interests or goals that were not the actor’s own immediate ones. Goals or interests that are not an actor’s own immediate ones include those that are attributable to another person or to the self in the future. We refer to these collectively as noncurrent goals or interests. In drawing the distinction between immediate and noncurrent interests and goals, we were led also to consider the connection between altruism and prudence. By prudence, we mean action that is designed to bring about some future desired goal of the self at the expense of some immediate goal. Typical examples drawn from everyday life are dieting, training for a sporting event, and saving money.