The Management of the Co-Evolution of Technical, Environmental and Social Systems
The Management of the Co-Evolution of Technical, Environmental and Social Systems
复制标题
技术、环境和社会系统共同演化的管理
DOI：
10.1007/3-540-27298-4_3
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
J. Rotmans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Kemp;J. Rotmans
通过在生产方面使用控制技术和清洁工艺，污染的环境问题已经得到相当成功的解决。在消费者方面几乎没有改变。人们仍然采用个人使用机动交通和能源密集型生活方式。对此的常见解释是人们想要汽车、廉价能源和廉价食品。这种解释假设人们的偏好是固定的，并且系统旨在满足这些偏好。它没有看到人们想要很多东西；消费者的选择受到供应选择的限制，用户利益可能与社会利益发生冲突。供给和需求不仅相互作用，而且相互关联。它们的相互作用产生了特定的轨迹，而这些轨迹是由其既得的工业利益、对用户需求的假设以及对相关参与者和整个社会而言进行系统变革的高成本来维持的。上述内容有助于理解为什么大多数变化是渐进的，旨在利用而不是探索（1991 年 3 月）。
Environmental problems of pollution have been countered quite successfully through the use of control technology and cleaner processes at the production side. At the consumer side little has changed. People still engage in the individual use of motorised transport and energy-intensive life styles. The common explanation for this is that people want automobility, cheap energy and cheap food. Such an explanation assumes that people preferences are fixed and that the system is geared toward satisfying these. It fails to see that people want many things; that consumer choices are restricted by supply choices, and that user benefits may conflict with societal benefits. Supply and demand not only interact but also interlock. Their interaction gives rise to particular trajectories, which are sustained by industrial interests vested in it, assumptions about user needs and high costs of making a system change, both for the actors concerned and society of large. The above helps to understand why most change is incremental, aimed at exploitation rather than exploration (March 1991).