Evaluation of the long-lasting insecticidal net Interceptor LN: laboratory and experimental hut studies against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in northeastern Tanzania
Evaluation of the long-lasting insecticidal net Interceptor LN: laboratory and experimental hut studies against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in northeastern Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1186/1756-3305-6-296
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发表时间：
2013-10-12
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Rowland, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Malima, Robert;Tungu, Patrick K.;Rowland, Mark
背景：长效驱虫蚊帐（LN）是预防疟疾的主要方法。在批准新类型的LN之前，它们需要满足世卫组织农药评估计划规定的质量和功效标准。评估过程分为三个阶段。在阶段I中，候选LN必须在20次标准化洗涤后满足阈值生物测定标准。在阶段II中，在实验小屋中评估洗涤和未洗涤的LN对抗野生、自由飞行的按蚊。在第三阶段，将LN分发给疟疾流行地区的家庭，在三年的使用中取样，并测试其持续杀虫效力。Interceptor（R）LN（BASFCorporation，德国）由涂有抗洗型高效氯氰菊酯制剂的聚酯网制成。致倦库蚊和抗性库蚊。比较了未经处理的蚊帐、经氯氰菊酯处理过的蚊帐（CTN）和经0、20和30次洗涤的蚊帐之间的蚊虫死亡率、吸血抑制和个人防护。结果：在I期试验中，Interceptor LN表现出上级的耐洗涤性和功效。在第二阶段的小屋试验中，LN杀死了92%的雌性An。未洗涤的CTN和洗涤20次的CTN分别杀死76%和44%。LN在个人保护和吸血抑制方面优于CTN。安的趋势。funestus与An相似。冈比亚支持所有成果。对拟除虫菊酯的抗性很少。致倦库蚊的个体防护水平（75-90%）与敏感按蚊相似。冈比亚（76-80%），即使经过20次洗涤。这种保护是相关的，因为Cx。致倦丝虫是东非淋巴丝虫病的媒介。经过20次洗涤和60个夜晚的使用LN保留其初始杀虫剂dose.Conclusions的27%：拦截LN符合世界卫生组织设定的批准标准，并建议用于疾病控制对东非疟疾和丝虫病的媒介。与第二阶段的评价标准，特别是洗涤程序，一些限制，严格审查。
Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LN) are a primary method of malaria prevention. Before new types of LN are approved they need to meet quality and efficacy standards set by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. The process of evaluation has three phases. In Phase I the candidate LN must meet threshold bioassay criteria after 20 standardized washes. In Phase II washed and unwashed LNs are evaluated in experimental huts against wild, free flying anopheline mosquitoes. In Phase III the LN are distributed to households in malaria endemic areas, sampled over three years of use and tested for continuing insecticidal efficacy. Interceptor (R) LN (BASF Corporation, Germany) is made of polyester netting coated with a wash resistant formulation of alpha-cypermethrin.Methods: Interceptor LN was subjected to bioassay evaluation and then to experimental hut trial against pyrethroid-susceptible Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito mortality, blood feeding inhibition and personal protection were compared between untreated nets, conventional alpha-cypermethrin treated nets (CTN) washed 20 times and LNs washed 0, 20 and 30 times.Results: In Phase I Interceptor LN demonstrated superior wash resistance and efficacy to the CTN. In the Phase II hut trial the LN killed 92% of female An. gambiae when unwashed and 76% when washed 20 times; the CTN washed 20 times killed 44%. The LN out-performed the CTN in personal protection and blood-feeding inhibition. The trend for An. funestus was similar to An. gambiae for all outcomes. Few pyrethroid-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus were killed and yet the level of personal protection (75-90%) against Culex was similar to that of susceptible An. gambiae (76-80%) even after 20 washes. This protection is relevant because Cx. quinquefasciatus is a vector of lymphatic filariasis in East Africa. After 20 washes and 60 nights' use the LN retained 27% of its initial insecticide dose.Conclusions: Interceptor LN meets the approval criteria set by WHO and is recommended for use in disease control against East African vectors of malaria and filariasis. Some constraints associated with the phase II evaluation criteria, in particular the washing procedure, are critically reviewed.