An integrative theory of intergroup contact
An integrative theory of intergroup contact
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0065-2601(05)37005-5
复制
发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hewstone, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, R;Hewstone, M
对于那些关注全球群体间关系质量的人来说，21世纪的开始并不顺利。在我们刚刚进入第五个年头之际，我们已经看到了前所未有的国际冲突和恐怖主义事件（例如，阿富汗，2002年;伊拉克，2003年;西班牙，2004年;美国，2001年），在欧洲和其他地方，伊斯兰恐惧症和反犹太主义的浪潮不断上升（例如，艾伦和尼尔森，2002年），以及难民所经历的越来越敌对的移民接待（例如，MORI，2003年）。改善这些有问题的群体间关系的任务将是艰巨而复杂的，无疑需要在几个社会科学学科的协调努力的帮助下进行根本的经济和政治变革。在这篇文章中，我们考虑了社会心理学可能对这一奋进做出的贡献，特别关注群体间接触在减少偏见和产生更有利的群体间态度和刻板印象方面的作用。我们开始，适当地在其发表500周年之际，对奥尔波特（1954）的经典“接触假说”进行了简要的重新评估。（另见Dovidio，Gaertner，& Kawakami，2003）。虽然奥尔波特并不是第一个提倡将群体聚集在一起作为减少偏见的手段的人（沃森，1947;威廉姆斯，1947），但他在《偏见的本质》中的理论已经获得了里程碑式的地位，因为它对社会条件的清晰阐述，深刻的见解和仔细的分析可能促进接触对群体间态度和行为的有益影响。正如我们将要说明的，现在有充分的证据支持他的基本论点。然而，在过去的50年里，接触假说也取得了重要的理论和经验发展，特别是布鲁尔和米勒（1984）的非范畴化模型，Gaertner和Dovidio（2000）的共同群体内身份模型，Hewstone和Brown（1986）的群体间接触模型，以及Pettigrew（1998）的纵向接触理论。在这篇文章中，我们的目标是提供这些发展的关键评估，主要集中在我们自己的模型，这为我们自己的广泛的研究项目提供了近20年的接触点。尽管我们最初的模型部分是为了反击
For those concerned with the quality of global intergroup relationships, the 21st century has not begun auspiciously. As we enter only its fifth year, we have already seen unprecedented incidents of international conflict and terrorism (eg, Afghanistan, 2002; Iraq, 2003; Spain, 2004; USA, 2001), a rising tide of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism in Europe and elsewhere (eg, Allen & Nielson, 2002), and increasingly hostile immigration receptions experienced by refugees (eg, MORI, 2003). The task of ameliorating these problematic intergroup relationships will be arduous and complex, undoubtedly necessitating fundamental economic and political transformations, aided by the coordinated efforts of several social science disciplines. In this article, we consider the contribution that social psychology might make to such an endeavor, focusing particularly on the role of intergroup contact in reducing prejudice and in generating more favorable intergroup attitudes and stereotypes.We begin, appropriately enough in this the half centenary of its publication, with a brief reassessment of Allport's (1954) classic'Contact Hypothesis'(see also Dovidio, Gaertner, & Kawakami, 2003). Although Allport was by no means the first to advocate bringing groups together as a means of prejudice reduction (Watson, 1947; Williams, 1947), his theorizing in The Nature of Prejudice has justly acquired landmark status because of its lucid exposition, penetrating insights, and careful analysis of the social conditions likely to facilitate the beneficial effects of contact on intergroup attitudes and behavior. As we shall show, there is now ample evidence to support his basic contentions. However, the past 50 years have also seen important theoretical and empirical developments of the Contact Hypothesis in particular, Brewer and Miller's (1984) decategorization model, Gaertner and Dovidio's (2000) common in-group identity model, Hewstone and Brown's (1986) intergroup contact model, and Pettigrew's (1998) theory of longitudinal contact. In this article, we aim to provide a critical assessment of these developments, focusing mainly on our own model, which provided the point of departure for our own broad research program on contact over nearly 20 years. Although our original model was conceived partly as a riposte to