Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lifestyle: A Paradigm for Adaptation, Survival, and Persistence.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lifestyle: A Paradigm for Adaptation, Survival, and Persistence.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2017.00039
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Rehm BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moradali MF;Ghods S;Rehm BH
铜绿假单胞菌是一种影响免疫功能低下患者的机会致病菌。它被认为是囊性纤维化（CF）患者发病和死亡的主要原因，也是医院感染的主要原因之一。由于适应、存活和对多种抗生素的耐药性的一系列机制，铜绿假单胞菌菌株的感染可能危及生命，并且正在全球范围内成为公共卫生威胁。本文综述了铜绿假单胞菌在不同环境中，特别是在发病的不同阶段促进其存活和持久性的机制的多样性。我们将审查的重要性和复杂性的监管网络和基因型表型变异称为适应性辐射，铜绿假单胞菌调整适应和生存的生理过程，以应对环境的线索和压力。因此，我们将综述基于核苷酸的第二信使在铜绿假单胞菌不同生活方式中对群体感应和信号系统的调节作用。此外，将讨论各种调节蛋白，它们形成了大量的控制系统，在转录水平上作用于及时表达基因，使其能够对外部刺激和不利条件作出快速反应。抗生素耐药性是铜绿假单胞菌的一种天然特性，本文将讨论不同形式抗生素耐药性的多种机制。每个机制的重要性，赋予各种抗假单胞菌抗生素的耐药性及其在临床菌株中的流行将被描述。总结了获得耐药先导泛耐药菌株的基本原理。未来的展望强调需要国际多学科合作，将现有知识转化为预防和治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染的战略，同时降低抗生素耐药性的发生率，避免耐药菌株的传播。
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen affecting immunocompromised patients. It is known as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Due to a range of mechanisms for adaptation, survival and resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, infections by P. aeruginosa strains can be life-threatening and it is emerging worldwide as public health threat. This review highlights the diversity of mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa promotes its survival and persistence in various environments and particularly at different stages of pathogenesis. We will review the importance and complexity of regulatory networks and genotypic-phenotypic variations known as adaptive radiation by which P. aeruginosa adjusts physiological processes for adaptation and survival in response to environmental cues and stresses. Accordingly, we will review the central regulatory role of quorum sensing and signaling systems by nucleotide-based second messengers resulting in different lifestyles of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, various regulatory proteins will be discussed which form a plethora of controlling systems acting at transcriptional level for timely expression of genes enabling rapid responses to external stimuli and unfavorable conditions. Antibiotic resistance is a natural trait for P. aeruginosa and multiple mechanisms underlying different forms of antibiotic resistance will be discussed here. The importance of each mechanism in conferring resistance to various antipseudomonal antibiotics and their prevalence in clinical strains will be described. The underlying principles for acquiring resistance leading pan-drug resistant strains will be summarized. A future outlook emphasizes the need for collaborative international multidisciplinary efforts to translate current knowledge into strategies to prevent and treat P. aeruginosa infections while reducing the rate of antibiotic resistance and avoiding the spreading of resistant strains.