Nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lower plants
Nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lower plants
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00595.x
复制
发表时间：
2000-10
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
R. Tischner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Tischner
氮化合物硝酸盐和铵是植物大量需要的矿物质，它们限制了植物在温带地区的生长。硝酸盐的同化途径始于硝酸盐的吸收，然后硝酸盐还原生成铵，在大多数植物中，铵被固定在氨基酸谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸中。本文综述了高等植物和低等植物对硝酸盐的吸收和还原。讨论了这两个过程的生理学和分子方法的进展。对于硝酸盐吸收，讨论了已建立的吸收系统，并特别注意硝酸盐传感和硝酸盐载体。关于硝酸盐感知的知识很少，但这似乎是硝酸盐触发的信号转导链的第一步。因此，今后的工作应更频繁地审议这一专题。对于硝酸还原酶，重点放在作为硝酸盐同化调节工具的翻译后修饰、碳氮代谢的交叉点和分子途径上。还包括了一些关于环境条件如何影响硝酸盐同化的评论。需要进一步了解环境中影响硝酸盐同化途径编码基因表达的正负信号的转导。
The nitrogen compounds nitrate and ammonium are the minerals that plants need in large quantities and which limit their growth in temperate zones. The nitrate assimilation pathway starts with nitrate uptake followed by nitrate reduction resulting in ammonium which is fixed into the amino acids glutamine and glutamate in most plants. This review concentrates on nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction with respect to higher and lower plants. The physiology and the progress in molecular approaches of both processes are considered. For nitrate uptake the well-established uptake systems are discussed and special attention is drawn to nitrate sensing and the nitrate carrier. Knowledge, particularly on nitrate sensing is rare, but it seems to be the first step in a signal transduction chain triggered by nitrate. Therefore further work should consider this topic more frequently. For nitrate reductase the focus is on the post-translational modification as a regulatory tool for nitrate assimilation, on the intersections of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and on the molecular approaches. A few remarks on how environmental conditions affect nitrate assimilation are also included. Further progress is needed to understand the transduction of positive and negative signals from the environment affecting the expression of genes coding for the nitrate assimilating pathway.