Does gender structure social networks across domains of cooperation? An exploration of gendered networks among matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo
Does gender structure social networks across domains of cooperation? An exploration of gendered networks among matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0436
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Mattison;Neil G. MacLaren;Chun-Yi Sum;M. Shenk;T. Blumenfield;K. Wander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Mattison;Neil G. MacLaren;Chun-Yi Sum;M. Shenk;T. Blumenfield;K. Wander
合作网络是人类社会的基本特征。进化理论假设，男性和女性使用网络的方式不同，但支持这一假设的大量证据是基于在有限的背景下和少数合作领域进行的研究。在本文中，我们比较个人层面的合作网络，从两个社区在中国西南地区，系统不同的亲属关系规范和制度，一个母系和父系，而共享的民族身份。具体而言，我们调查网络结构是否不同的基础上流行的亲属关系规范和类型的性别合作活动，一个以妇女为中心（准备社区膳食）和一个以男性为中心（农业设备贷款）。我们的描述性结果显示，在所有四个网络的“女性化”和“男性化”的功能的混合。母系膳食网络在高度偏斜方面表现突出。指数随机图模型揭示了一个更强的作用，地理接近父系和有限的作用，在所有网络的亲和关系。我们的研究结果表明，需要考虑合作活动的领域以及性别和文化背景，以充分了解女性和男性如何利用社会关系实现不同目的的变化。这篇文章是“妇女之间的合作：进化和跨文化的观点”主题问题的一部分。
Cooperative networks are essential features of human society. Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that networks are used differently by men and women, yet the bulk of evidence supporting this hypothesis is based on studies conducted in a limited range of contexts and on few domains of cooperation. In this paper, we compare individual-level cooperative networks from two communities in Southwest China that differ systematically in kinship norms and institutions—one matrilineal and one patrilineal—while sharing an ethnic identity. Specifically, we investigate whether network structures differ based on prevailing kinship norms and type of gendered cooperative activity, one woman-centred (preparation of community meals) and one man-centred (farm equipment lending). Our descriptive results show a mixture of ‘feminine’ and ‘masculine’ features in all four networks. The matrilineal meals network stands out in terms of high degree skew. Exponential random graph models reveal a stronger role for geographical proximity in patriliny and a limited role of affinal relatedness across all networks. Our results point to the need to consider domains of cooperative activity alongside gender and cultural context to fully understand variation in how women and men leverage social relationships toward different ends. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives’.