Airborne quantification of net methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from European Arctic wetlands in Summer 2019.
Airborne quantification of net methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from European Arctic wetlands in Summer 2019.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2021.0192
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发表时间：
2022-01-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nisbet EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barker PA;Allen G;Pitt JR;Bauguitte SJ;Pasternak D;Cliff S;France JL;Fisher RE;Lee JD;Bower KN;Nisbet EG
北极湿地和周围的生态系统在夏季是甲烷（CH4）的重要来源，也是二氧化碳（CO2）的汇。然而，这一区域CH4源和CO2汇的精确量化仍然很差。2019年7月，使用英国机载大气测量设施进行了一次研究飞行，飞越了一个地区（约100公里）。78 000平方公里）的混合泥炭地和森林在北方瑞典和芬兰。使用飞机质量平衡方法计算了CH4和二氧化碳的面积平均通量。在飞行调查所包围的三个离散区域内具有纬向梯度的区域，按湿地面积标准化的CH4净通量介于5.93 ± 1.87 mg m−2 h−1和4.44 ± 0.64 mg m−2 h−1之间（最大到最小）。从最大到最小，净CO2汇介于−513 ± 74 mg m−2 h−1和−284 ± 89 mg m−2 h−1之间，是生物圈中植被和土壤净吸收CO2的结果。一个明显的梯度下降的体积和面积平均CH4通量确定从北到南整个研究区域，相关的减少泥炭沼泽土地面积从北到南确定CORINE土地覆盖分类。虽然测量了N2O摩尔分数，但在飞行轨迹上没有测量到可辨别的梯度，但是使用这种质量平衡方法计算了最小通量阈值。散装（总面积）CH4通量测定通过质量平衡进行了比较，面积加权放大室通量从同一研究领域，并发现同意以及测量不确定性。质量平衡CH4通量被认为是显着高于许多陆地表面过程模型汇编的全球碳项目的一部分，报告的CH4通量。在各个模型之间，通量分布和幅度都有很大的变化。这进一步支持了以前的研究，即陆面模型目前装备不足，无法准确捕获该地区的碳通量。这篇文章是讨论会议议题“甲烷上升：变暖是变暖的饲料吗？”(part两分钟。
Arctic wetlands and surrounding ecosystems are both a significant source of methane (CH4) and a sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) during summer months. However, precise quantification of this regional CH4 source and CO2 sink remains poorly characterized. A research flight using the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement was conducted in July 2019 over an area (approx. 78 000 km2) of mixed peatland and forest in northern Sweden and Finland. Area-averaged fluxes of CH4 and carbon dioxide were calculated using an aircraft mass balance approach. Net CH4 fluxes normalized to wetland area ranged between 5.93 ± 1.87 mg m−2 h−1 and 4.44 ± 0.64 mg m−2 h−1 (largest to smallest) over the region with a meridional gradient across three discrete areas enclosed by the flight survey. From largest to smallest, net CO2 sinks ranged between −513 ± 74 mg m−2 h−1 and −284 ± 89 mg m−2 h−1 and result from net uptake of CO2 by vegetation and soils in the biosphere. A clear gradient of decreasing bulk and area-averaged CH4 flux was identified from north to south across the study region, correlated with decreasing peat bog land area from north to south identified from CORINE land cover classifications. While N2O mole fraction was measured, no discernible gradient was measured over the flight track, but a minimum flux threshold using this mass balance method was calculated. Bulk (total area) CH4 fluxes determined via mass balance were compared with area-weighted upscaled chamber fluxes from the same study area and were found to agree well within measurement uncertainty. The mass balance CH4 fluxes were found to be significantly higher than the CH4 fluxes reported by many land-surface process models compiled as part of the Global Carbon Project. There was high variability in both flux distribution and magnitude between the individual models. This further supports previous studies that suggest that land-surface models are currently ill-equipped to accurately capture carbon fluxes inthe region. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
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