Energetic Charged Particles Above Thunderclouds

Energetic Charged Particles Above Thunderclouds
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雷云上方的高能带电粒子

DOI:
10.1007/s10712-012-9205-z
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Füllekrug M
Füllekrug M
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Füllekrug M

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法国政府已承诺发射Taranis卫星,以研究地球大气层与近地空间之间的瞬态耦合过程。TARANIS的主要目标是探测雷暴云发出的高能带电粒子和硬辐射。英国诺贝尔奖赢家C.T.R.威尔逊在大约世纪前就预测了雷暴云顶部向太空的闪电放电。然而,新的实验只是在最近才证实了能量从雷暴云顶部转移到高层大气和近地空间的高能放电过程;它们现在被称为瞬时发光事件、地面伽马射线闪光和相对论性电子束。本会议报告以实验室等离子体物理学和地球大气中自然发生的等离子体的科学知识现状为基础,提出了未来研究的领域。本报告具体反映了2011年11月在法国驻伦敦大使馆举行的一次会议上,一个新颖的法英合作项目的成员所作的介绍。报告的科学主题涉及导致放电过程的电离过程、对瞬变发光事件的观测、电磁辐射、高能带电粒子及其对地球大气层的影响。强调了今后在这一领域的研究对科学和社会以及对航天器保护的重要性。
The French government has committed to launch the satellite TARANIS to study transient coupling processes between the Earth’s atmosphere and near-Earth space. The prime objective of TARANIS is to detect energetic charged particles and hard radiation emanating from thunderclouds. The British Nobel prize winner C.T.R. Wilson predicted lightning discharges from the top of thunderclouds into space almost a century ago. However, new experiments have only recently confirmed energetic discharge processes which transfer energy from the top of thunderclouds into the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space; they are now denoted as transient luminous events, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and relativistic electron beams. This meeting report builds on the current state of scientific knowledge on the physics of plasmas in the laboratory and naturally occurring plasmas in the Earth’s atmosphere to propose areas of future research. The report specifically reflects presentations delivered by the members of a novel Franco-British collaboration during a meeting at the French Embassy in London held in November 2011. The scientific subjects of the report tackle ionization processes leading to electrical discharge processes, observations of transient luminous events, electromagnetic emissions, energetic charged particles and their impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. The importance of future research in this area for science and society, and towards spacecraft protection, is emphasized.
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