Social rights and employment rights related to family care: Family care regimes in Europe
Social rights and employment rights related to family care: Family care regimes in Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaging.2013.12.002
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Pfau-Effinger, Birgit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frericks, Patricia;Jensen, Per H.;Pfau-Effinger, Birgit
在早期福利国家，社会权利主要源自正式的雇佣关系。然而，在过去的二十年里，一些欧洲国家也开放了这些社会机构从事护理工作。家庭家庭护理期间的现金换护理和社会权利改变了家庭成员传统上为年长亲属提供的非正式护理工作的特征。以前基于无偿的亲属关系，现已转变为由家庭成员进行的新的有偿和更正规的护理工作形式。但可以假设，不同福利国家的家庭成员的长期护理工作的构建方式不同。本文以以下研究问题为指导：福利国家的政策在老年人家庭护理政策给护理家庭成员带来社会风险的程度上有何不同？我们使用“家庭护理制度”的概念框架作为比较研究的分析框架。为此，我们比较了荷兰、德国和丹麦等福利国家针对老年护理需求者的护理政策。研究结果表明，这三个国家的一个共同特点是，家庭照顾者的情况在某种程度上已经正规化：在这三个国家，体弱的老年人可以选择家庭成员作为照顾者，福利国家对家庭照顾者提供支持。尽管如此，这三个国家的法律状况以及家庭照顾者的社会权利的质量和水平仍存在很大差异。结果表明，德国和荷兰的家庭养老制度框架属于支持半正式家庭养老的家庭养老制度，而丹麦则属于支持正式家庭养老的家庭养老制度。我们表明，这些不同类型的家庭照顾制度对家庭照顾者造成的社会风险有很大差异。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
In early welfare states, social rights predominantly derived from formal employment relations. Within the past two decades, however, some European countries have opened these social institutions to care work also. Cash-for-care and social entitlements for periods of at-home family caregiving have changed the characteristics of informal care work that family members traditionally provide to older relatives. Formerly based on unpaid kinship relations, it has changed towards new paid and more formalized forms of care work by family members. But it can be assumed that long-term care work by family members is constructed differently across welfare states.The paper is guided by the following research question: How do welfare-state policies differ in the degree to which their policies towards family care for senior citizens create social risks for the caring family members? We use the conceptual framework of "family care regimes" as our analytical framework for the comparative research.To do this, we compare care policies towards older care-needy people in the welfare states of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. The findings show that a common feature in all three countries is that the situation of family carers is to some degree being formalized: in all three countries a frail senior citizen can chose a family member as the care provider, and the welfare states support the family care providers. Still, the legal situation as well as the quality and level of social rights for family caregivers differ considerably among the three countries. It is shown that the institutional framework for senior care by family members in Germany and the Netherlands represents a family care regime that supports semi-formal family care, and that in Denmark it can be classified as a family care regime that supports formal family care. We show that these different types of family care regimes differ considerably in the social risks they pose to family carers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.