Global variation in the cost of a nutrient-adequate diet by population group: an observational study.
Global variation in the cost of a nutrient-adequate diet by population group: an observational study.
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DOI：
10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00285-0
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Masters WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bai Y;Herforth A;Masters WA
营养不足限制了人类的发展，可能是由于当地现有的食物成本高，无法满足营养需求。我们的目标是确定现有全球粮食系统最难以满足其营养需求的人群。在这项观察性研究中，我们使用国际比较计划2017年收集的全球食品价格来衡量满足营养需求的每日成本和每卡路里成本，基于能量上限和下限内的最低成本饮食以及172个国家20个人口群体中健康人群的20种营养素。然后，我们按食物组分析了这些成本最低的饮食的组成，以估计满足营养需求的食物的可负担性如何因年龄、性别和生殖状况而异。2017年，全球每天的饮食成本中位数为2.32美元（IQR 1.95 - 2.76），其中14-18岁的青少年男孩的成本最高，为2.72美元（2.31 - 3.15）。对于女性，怀孕和哺乳期间14-18岁青少年的中位成本最高，为2.64美元（2.29 - 3.15），超过了19-30岁成年男性的成本。每1000千卡饮食成本的全球中位数为0.94美元（IQR 0.80 - 1.12），在整个生命过程中，女性高于男性，9-13岁的少女（1.17美元[95% CI 1.15 - 1.19]）和70岁以上的女性（1.18美元[1.17 - 1.19]）达到峰值。饮食成本对钙、铁、锌、维生素C和E的需求量以及碳水化合物和钠的上限最敏感。每天的饮食总成本并不因国民收入而有显著差异;然而，在高收入国家，成本最低的饮食构成包括更多的动物源食品，而在低收入国家，含有更多豆类、坚果和种子以及水果和蔬菜的饮食是满足营养需求的最实惠的方式。许多人口群体，特别是妇女和女孩，无法负担营养充足的饮食。这些结果可能有助于指导农业和粮食政策或转移计划，以支持面临摄入不足风险的人口。比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会和英国国际开发署。
Nutrient deficiencies limit human development and could be caused by the high cost of locally available foods needed to meet nutrient requirements. We aimed to identify the populations whose nutrient needs are most difficult to meet with existing global food systems. In this observational study, we used the International Comparison Program 2017 collection of global food prices to measure cost per day and cost per calorie of meeting nutrient needs, based on least-cost diets within upper and lower bounds for energy and 20 nutrients for healthy populations across 20 demographic groups in 172 countries. We then analysed the composition of these least-cost diets by food groups to estimate how the affordability of foods for meeting nutrient needs varied by age, sex, and reproductive status. In 2017, the global median of diet costs per day was US$2·32 (IQR 1·95–2·76), with cost highest for adolescent boys aged 14–18 years at $2·72 (2·31–3·15). For females, median cost was highest for adolescents aged 14–18 years during pregnancy and lactation at $2·64 (2·29–3·15), exceeding the cost for adult men aged 19–30 years. The global median of diet cost per 1000 kcal was $0·94 (IQR 0·80–1·12), and was higher for females throughout the life course than for males, peaking for adolescent girls aged 9–13 years ($1·17 [95% CI 1·15–1·19]) and women older than 70 years ($1·18 [1·17–1·19]). Diet costs were most sensitive to requirements for calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins C and E, as well as the upper bounds on carbohydrates and sodium. Total diet costs per day did not vary significantly with national income; however, in high-income countries, the composition of least-cost diets included more animal-source foods, whereas in low-income countries, diets with more pulses, nuts and seeds, and fruits and vegetables provided the most affordable way to meet nutrient requirements. Diets with adequate nutrients were unaffordable for many demographic groups, especially women and girls. These results could help to guide agriculture and food policy or transfer programmes to support populations at risk of inadequate intake. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and UKAid.