The Security-Utility Trade-off for Iris Authentication and Eye Animation for Social Virtual Avatars
The Security-Utility Trade-off for Iris Authentication and Eye Animation for Social Virtual Avatars
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DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973052
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Brendan David-John;S. Jörg;S. Koppal;Eakta Jain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brendan David-John;S. Jörg;S. Koppal;Eakta Jain
虚拟化身的注视行为对虚拟现实中的社交互动过程中的社交存在和感知的目光接触至关重要。虚拟现实头戴式设备正在设计集成的眼动跟踪功能，以实现引人注目的虚拟社交互动。本文表明，近红外摄像机用于眼动跟踪捕获眼睛图像，其中包含虹膜图案的用户。由于虹膜图案是生物识别的黄金标准，目前的技术将用户的生物识别身份置于危险之中。我们的第一个贡献是基于光学散焦的硬件解决方案，以消除虹膜生物特征的眼睛跟踪图像流。我们的特点，这种解决方案的性能与不同的内部参数。我们的第二个贡献是一个心理物理实验，一个相同的不同的任务，调查用户的敏感性虚拟化身的眼球运动时，这种解决方案被应用。通过推导检测阈值，我们的研究结果提供了一系列的散焦参数，其中眼睛运动的变化在会话设置中会被忽视。我们的第三个贡献是一个感性的研究，以确定散焦参数对感知的眼神接触，注意力，自然，真实的化身的影响。因此，如果用户希望保护他们的虹膜生物特征，我们的方法提供了一种解决方案，该解决方案平衡生物特征保护，同时防止他们的对话伙伴感知用户的虚拟化身中的差异。这项工作是第一个为VR/AR/XR应用开发安全眼动跟踪配置的工作，并推动了该领域的未来工作。
The gaze behavior of virtual avatars is critical to social presence and perceived eye contact during social interactions in Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality headsets are being designed with integrated eye tracking to enable compelling virtual social interactions. This paper shows that the near infra-red cameras used in eye tracking capture eye images that contain iris patterns of the user. Because iris patterns are a gold standard biometric, the current technology places the user's biometric identity at risk. Our first contribution is an optical defocus based hardware solution to remove the iris biometric from the stream of eye tracking images. We characterize the performance of this solution with different internal parameters. Our second contribution is a psychophysical experiment with a same-different task that investigates the sensitivity of users to a virtual avatar's eye movements when this solution is applied. By deriving detection threshold values, our findings provide a range of defocus parameters where the change in eye movements would go unnoticed in a conversational setting. Our third contribution is a perceptual study to determine the impact of defocus parameters on the perceived eye contact, attentiveness, naturalness, and truthfulness of the avatar. Thus, if a user wishes to protect their iris biometric, our approach provides a solution that balances biometric protection while preventing their conversation partner from perceiving a difference in the user's virtual avatar. This work is the first to develop secure eye tracking configurations for VR/AR/XR applications and motivates future work in the area.