Robotized thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of pepper mild mottle virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Robotized thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of pepper mild mottle virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
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DOI：
10.1093/pcp/pcj102
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Baron, Matilde
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaerle, Laury;Pineda, Monica;Baron, Matilde
在感染了易感宿主后，病原体在整个植物中传播。根据病原体类型和菌株的不同，症状的严重程度差别很大。在本烟中感染辣椒轻度斑驳病毒（PMMoV）的情况下，新发育的叶片表现出视觉症状（症状叶片）。在本研究中，使用了两株PMMoV菌株，西班牙菌株（PMMoV- s）比意大利菌株（PMMoV- i）毒性更强。感染pmmov - 1的植物可以从病毒诱导的症状中恢复过来。在PMMoV感染开始时发育完全的叶片仍无症状。在这些无症状的叶片中，在Chl荧光模式改变前7天，从主脉附近的组织开始观察到温度升高。病毒在组织指纹上的免疫定位与Chl荧光增加的伴随模式吻合良好。温度升高与叶脉有关，与气孔关闭有关。pmmov - 1感染后，与pmmov - s诱导的症状相比，热症状和Chl荧光症状的出现以及病毒积累延迟了3 d。有症状的全叶温度升高也与气孔孔径减小有关。与PMMoV-S侵染期间症状性叶温持续升高相反，pmmov -i侵染植株的症状性叶温在恢复期逐渐下降。我们认为，最早的温度升高是由植物对病毒感染的系统性反应引起的，涉及控制水分流失。总之，热成像有潜力作为一个正在进行的兼容感染过程的早期报告。
After infecting a susceptible host, pathogens spread throughout the plant. Depending on pathogen type and strain, the severity of symptoms varies greatly. In the case of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infection in Nicotiana benthamiana, newly developing leaves display visual symptoms (symptomatic leaves). In this study, two PMMoV strains were used, the Spanish strain (PMMoV-S) being more virulent than the Italian strain (PMMoV-I). Plants infected with PMMoV-I could recover from the virus-induced symptoms. Leaves that were fully developed at the start of PMMoV infection remained symptomless. In these asymptomatic leaves, an increase in temperature, initiating from the tissue adjacent to the main veins, was observed 7 d before the Chl fluorescence pattern changed. Virus immunolocalization on tissue prints matched well with the concomitant pattern of Chl fluorescence increase. The temperature increase, associated with the veins, was shown to be related to stomatal closure. Upon PMMoV-I infection, the appearance of thermal and Chl fluorescence symptoms as well as virus accumulation were delayed by 3 d compared with PMMoV-S-induced symptoms. The temperature increase of whole symptomatic leaves was also correlated with a decrease in stomatal aperture. In contrast to the persistent increase in symptomatic leaf temperature observed during PMMoV-S infection, the temperature of symptomatic leaves of PMMoV-I-infected plants decreased gradually during recovery. We propose that the earliest temperature increase is caused by a systemic plant response to the virus infection, involving the control of water loss. In conclusion, thermography has potential as an early reporter of an ongoing compatible infection process.