Effects of forest management on the diversity of deadwood-inhabiting fungi in Central European forests
Effects of forest management on the diversity of deadwood-inhabiting fungi in Central European forests
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.043
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发表时间：
2013-09-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fischer, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blaser, Stefan;Prati, Daniel;Fischer, Markus
土地利用和土地利用变化影响森林生态系统的枯木数量、质量和相关的生物多样性。老树或原始森林在欧洲温带地区极其罕见，它们比管理的森林拥有更多的死木和相关的真菌物种。最近放弃管理，重建更多的天然林，是否以及如何影响枯木数量和枯木上真菌多样性尚不清楚。我们的主要目的是比较中欧大片地区典型的不同管理森林类型中的枯木数量、特征和枯木寄生真菌。我们在德国三个地理位置遥远的地区的27个400米(2)的林地上采集了枯木真菌样本。三种森林经营类型，即经管理的针叶林、经管理的落叶林和未经管理的落叶林，每种都有9块地。2008年秋，我们在直径7厘米的枯木上采集了所有真菌子实体。我们发现，未经管理的森林中的枯枝数量和真菌种类数量低于经管理的森林，这归因于自管理放弃后的短时间内没有树木自然死亡，通常是10-30年。然而，样地枯枝落叶树种的稀疏性分析表明，未经管理的森林物种密度略高，这可能是放弃经营后对枯枝落叶真菌物种丰富度产生积极影响的第一个信号。尽管这三个研究区域跨越了很大的地理梯度，但我们没有发现真菌种类组成或死木数量和模式的差异，这反映了这一类生物的广泛分布，并表明研究区域之间的管理程序一致。然而，落叶和针叶木材之间出现了非常明显的成分差异，显示出物种底物的专门化。我们得出结论：枯枝落叶量是枯枝落叶真菌物种丰富度的主要驱动因素，不同腐烂程度的基质多样性、枯枝落叶树种和枯枝落叶大小也是重要的。因此，为了提高枯枝真菌的物种丰富度，增加枯枝数量和多样性是至关重要的。(C)2013爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Land use and land use change affect deadwood amount, quality and associated biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Old growth or virgin forests, which are exceptionally rare in temperate Europe harbor more deadwood and associated fungal species than managed forests. Whether and how more recent abandonment of management, to reestablish more natural forests, affects deadwood amount and fungal diversity on deadwood is unknown. Our main aim was to compare deadwood amount, characteristics and deadwood inhabiting fungi in differently managed forest types typical for large areas of Central Europe. We sampled deadwood inhabiting fungi on 27 forest plots of 400 m(2) each in three geographically distant regions in Germany. Three forest management types, namely managed coniferous, managed deciduous and unmanaged deciduous forests, were represented by nine plots each. In autumn 2008 we collected all fungal fruiting bodies on deadwood >7 cm of diameter. We found deadwood amounts and fungal species numbers in unmanaged forests to be lower than in managed forests, which we attributed to the lack of natural tree death during the short time since management abandonment of usually 10-30 years. However, rarefaction analysis among deadwood items in forest plots indicated a slightly higher species density in unmanaged forests, which may be the first signal of a positive effect on fungal species richness on deadwood after management was abandoned. Although the three study regions span a large geographical gradient, we did not detect differences in the fungal species composition or in deadwood amounts and patterns, which reflects the wide distribution of this group of organisms and points to consistent management procedures among study regions. A very clear composition difference however occurred between deciduous and coniferous wood showing species substrate specialization. We conclude that the amount of deadwood is the main driver of deadwood fungal species richness, and substrate diversity in terms of various decay degrees, deadwood tree species and deadwood size are also important. Thus, to promote species richness of deadwood fungi it is vital to enhance deadwood amounts and diversity. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.