Understanding the environmental impacts of large fissure eruptions: Aerosol and gas emissions from the 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruption (Iceland)
Understanding the environmental impacts of large fissure eruptions: Aerosol and gas emissions from the 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruption (Iceland)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.025
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发表时间：
2017-08-15
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Edmonds, Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ilyinskaya, Evgenia;Schmidt, Anja;Edmonds, Marie
2014-2015年冰岛霍卢朗火山爆发，在6个月的时间里向对流层排放了相当于11 Tg的二氧化硫，造成了几个世纪以来最强烈和最广泛的火山空气污染事件之一。这项研究提供了一些源项的特征化羽在大裂缝喷发，在冰岛和其他地方。我们通过测量和建模表征了Holuhraun羽流中气溶胶颗粒物质（PM）和气体的化学性质，以及羽流分散时的演变。在喷发口和冰岛的两个人口稠密地区对羽流进行了采样。烟羽造成反复的空气污染事件，超过每小时空气质量标准（350微克/立方米）的二氧化硫在雷克雅未克市（100公里的距离）88次，雷克雅未克首都地区（250公里的距离）34次。在雷克雅未克首都地区，30天内火山成因PM硫酸盐的平均日浓度超过5 μ g/m（3），这是在非喷发背景间隔期间测得的最大浓度。目前，没有关于硫酸盐的空气质量标准。结合直接采样和扩散模型的结果，我们确定了两种类型的羽流影响下风向人口稠密地区。第一种类型的特征是高浓度的SO2和含S颗粒物，具有高的S-气体/S-PM质量比（SO2（g）/SO 4（pm）2- > 10）。第二种类型具有低的S-气体/S-PM比率（
The 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland, emitted similar to 11 Tg of SO2 into the troposphere over 6 months, and caused one of the most intense and widespread volcanogenic air pollution events in centuries. This study provides a number of source terms for characterisation of plumes in large fissure eruptions, in Iceland and elsewhere. We characterised the chemistry of aerosol particle matter (PM) and gas in the Holuhraun plume, and its evolution as the plume dispersed, both via measurements and modelling. The plume was sampled at the eruptive vent, and in two populated areas in Iceland. The plume caused repeated air pollution events, exceeding hourly air quality standards (350 mu g/m(3)) for SO2 on 88 occasions in Reykjahlio town (100 km distance), and 34 occasions in Reykjavik capital area (250 km distance). Average daily concentration of volcanogenic PM sulphate exceeded 5 mu g/m(3) on 30 days in Reykjavik capital area, which is the maximum concentration measured during non-eruptive background interval. There are currently no established air quality standards for sulphate. Combining the results from direct sampling and dispersion modelling, we identified two types of plume impacting the downwind populated areas. The first type was characterised by high concentrations of both SO2 and S-bearing PM, with a high S-gas/S-PM mass ratio (SO2(g)/SO4(pm)2- > 10). The second type had a low S-gas/S-PM ratio (