Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden:: an experiment in two phases
Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden:: an experiment in two phases
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01068.x
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Skog, OJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norström, T;Skog, OJ
2000年2月，瑞典某些地区的酒类零售店在星期六开始试营业(第一阶段)，2001年7月，星期六营业扩大到全国(第二阶段)。这项研究的目的是评估第二阶段的影响，并探讨以前关于第一阶段的结果。设计在2000年2月之前，所有酒类专卖店在星期六关闭。从这个日期起，试验区(六个县)的商店周六开门营业。在控制区(七个县)，商店仍然关闭。为了防止贸易泄漏造成的偏见，试验区和控制区被一个缓冲区(七个县)隔开。由于对试验的持续评估没有显示任何负面后果，周六的开放在17个月后在整个瑞典实施。数据和方法结果测量包括酒精销售以及袭击和酒后驾驶的指标。干预前阶段为1995年1月至2000年1月，干预后阶段为2000年2月至2001年6月(17个月)，干预后阶段为2001年7月至2002年7月(13个月)。通过对月度数据的分析(自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型)来评估这两个阶段的影响，这些数据描绘了在第一阶段和第二阶段期间试验区与对照地区相比的销售和伤害比率的变化。结果分析发现第一阶段的酒类销售额显著增加了3.7%，而第二阶段的酒类销售额增加了大约3.69%。无论是在第一阶段还是第二阶段，所有攻击指标都没有显著变化。酒驾在第一阶段增加了12%，但在第二阶段没有变化。分析表明，第一阶段的增加主要是由于警察监视策略的改变。结论该结果支持公共卫生的角度，因为周六开放带来的酒精可获得性的增加似乎也增加了消费。另一方面，我们没有发现与酒精相关的伤害有任何增加。讨论了这是否可能是由于统计力量不足的问题，以及这项研究强调的其他一些方法上的复杂性。
Aim In February 2000, a trial started with Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in certain parts of Sweden (phase I), and in July 2001, Saturday opening was extended to the whole country (phase II). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of phase II, and to probe previous results regarding phase I.Design Prior to February 2000, all alcohol monopoly outlets were closed on Saturdays. After this date, stores in an experimental area (six counties) were open on Saturdays. In the control area (seven counties) the shops remained closed. To prevent biases due to trade leakage, the experimental and control areas were separated by a buffer area (seven counties). Because continuous evaluations of the trial did not reveal any negative consequences, the Saturday opening was implemented in the whole of Sweden after 17 months.Data and methods The outcome measures included alcohol sales and indicators of assaults and drunk driving. The pre-intervention period covered the time period January 1995-January 2000, phase I of the post-intervention period February 2000-June 2001 (17 months), and phase II July 2001-July 2002 (13 months). The effects of the two phases were estimated through analyses of monthly data (auto-regressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) modelling) depicting how sales and harm rates evolved in the experimental area compared to the control area during phase I as well as during phase if.Results The analysis uncovered a statistically significant increase in alcohol sales of 3.7% during phase I, and about the same increase during phase If (3.69%). There were no significant changes in any of the assault indicators, neither during phase I nor during phase II. There was a statistically significant increase in drunk driving (12%) during phase I, but no change during phase II. The analyses suggested that the increase during phase I was mainly due to a change in the surveillance strategy of the police.Conclusions The results lend support to the public health perspective in that the increased accessibility to alcohol rendered by Saturday opening also seems to have increased consumption. On the other hand, we could not detect any increase in alcohol-related harm. The question of whether this may be due to insufficient statistical power is discussed, together with some other methodological complications that were highlighted by the study.