Health impact assessment in San francisco: Incorporating the social determinants of health into environmental planning
Health impact assessment in San francisco: Incorporating the social determinants of health into environmental planning
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DOI：
10.1080/09640560701260283
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bhatia, Rajiv
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corburn, Jason;Bhatia, Rajiv
健康的社会决定因素是指影响福祉的社会、经济和环境因素，包括经济不平等、居住隔离、不合标准的住房、缺乏超市、学校、交通和开放空间，以及家庭和社交网络中断。本文探讨了健康影响评估（HIA）的实践是否以及如何将健康的社会和物理决定因素整合到规划过程中，克服环境影响评估中健康分析的制度和分析障碍，并为健康的城市规划提供新的模式。这是通过检查如何市政卫生机构，旧金山弗朗西斯科公共卫生部，利用HIA进行健康分析的发展项目，与其他城市机构和社区团体合作，并启动一个多利益相关者的规定HIA所有旨在将健康纳入环境规划实践。这个案例很重要，因为弗朗西斯科公共卫生署是美国第一个尝试使用HIA的城市机构，旨在捕捉项目和计划的物理和社会环境健康影响。本文发现，HIA可以注入健康的社会决定因素规划时，公共机构拥抱环境健康的定义扩大，组织健康宣传网络内外的政府，并产生广泛的科学证据基础，以证实政策的变化。
The social determinants of health refer to social, economic and environmental factors that influence well-being including economic inequality, residential segregation, substandard housing, lack of supermarkets, schools, transit and open-space, and disruptions to family and social networks. This paper asks whether and how the practice of health impact assessment (HIA) can integrate the social and physical determinants of health into planning processes, overcome institutional and analytic barriers for health analyses in environmental impact assessment, and offer a new model for healthy urban planning. This is done by examining how a municipal health agency, the San Francisco Department of Public Health, utilized HIA to conduct health analyses of development projects, collaborate with other city agencies and community groups, and initiate a multi-stakeholder prescriptive HIA all aimed at integrating health into environmental planning practices. This case is important because the San Francisco DPH is the first city agency in the US to experiment with using HIA that aims to capture the physical and social environmental health impacts of projects and plans. The paper finds that HIA can inject the social determinants of health into planning when public agencies embrace an expanded definition of environmental health, organize health advocacy networks within and outside government, and generate a broad scientific evidence base to substantiate policy change.