Real computation with least discrete advice: A complexity theory of nonuniform computability with applications to effective linear algebra

Real computation with least discrete advice: A complexity theory of nonuniform computability with applications to effective linear algebra
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具有最小离散建议的实际计算:非均匀可计算性的复杂性理论及其在有效线性代数中的应用

DOI:
10.1016/j.apal.2011.12.030
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
ArXiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
M. Ziegler
M. Ziegler
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Ziegler

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特别是在数值和计算机科学中,有一种民间传说,即不解决某些一般问题f:X <$X <$f(x)∈Y,而是应该利用关于输入x∈X的额外结构信息(例如,x属于某个子集X′ <$X或不属于某个子集X′ <$X的任何类型的承诺)。在真实的数计算的几个例子中,这样的建议甚至造成了可计算性和不可计算性之间的差异。我们把这两个拓扑和组合的复杂性理论的信息,调查几个实际问题有多少意见是必要的,足以使他们可计算。具体来说,当知道秩(A)∈{0,1,.,n-1}时,对于给定的奇异真实的n× n矩阵A,找到齐次线性方程A⋅x→=0的非平凡解是可能的;我们证明了这是最好的可能。类似地,对角化(即找到特征向量的基)一个给定的真实的对称n× n矩阵A是可能的,当知道不同特征值的数量时:1和n之间的整数(后者对应于非退化情况)。我们再次证明,n倍(即大约logn位)的附加信息确实是必要的,以使这个问题(连续和)可计算的;而对于寻找A的某个单个特征向量,提供A的最小维特征空间的维数的截断二进制对数,即,log 1+ log 2n n倍的建议,是足够的和最佳的。我们的证明采用,除了在递归分析中常见的拓扑考虑,也组合参数。
It is folklore particularly in numerical and computer sciences that, instead of solving some general problem f:X∋x↦f(x)∈Y, additional structural information about the input x∈X (e.g. any kind of promise that x belongs to a certain subset X′⊆X, or does not) should be taken advantage of. In several examples from real number computation, such advice even makes the difference between computability and uncomputability. We turn this into a both topological and combinatorial complexity theory of information, investigating for several practical problems how much advice is necessary and sufficient to render them computable. Specifically, finding a nontrivial solution to a homogeneous linear equation A⋅x→=0 for a given singular real n×n-matrix A is possible when knowing rank(A)∈{0,1,…,n−1}; and we show this to be best possible. Similarly, diagonalizing (i.e. finding a basis of eigenvectors to) a given real symmetric n×n-matrix A is possible when knowing the number of distinct eigenvalues: an integer between 1 and n (the latter corresponding to the nondegenerate case). And again we show that n-fold (i.e. roughly logn bits of) additional information is indeed necessary in order to render this problem (continuous and) computable; whereas for finding some single eigenvector of A, providing the truncated binary logarithm of the dimension of the least-dimensional eigenspace of A—i.e. ⌊1+log2n⌋-fold advice—is sufficient and optimal. Our proofs employ, in addition to topological considerations common in Recursive Analysis, also combinatorial arguments.
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