Application of model predictive control to grid flexibility provision by distributed energy resources in residential dwellings under uncertainty
Application of model predictive control to grid flexibility provision by distributed energy resources in residential dwellings under uncertainty
复制标题
模型预测控制在不确定性下住宅分布式能源电网灵活性提供中的应用
DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2021.122183
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Takashi Ikegami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kento Sasaki;Hirohisa Aki;Takashi Ikegami
由于可再生能源的高渗透率，电力系统需要更大的灵活性来应对可变可再生能源的波动。然而，通过在需求侧安装分布式能源（DER）提供灵活性是一种具有成本效益的措施。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个计划，利用分时电价（TOU）作为激励，以鼓励住宅生产消费者提供更多的灵活性，通过控制DER。特别是，我们开发了一个能源管理系统模型，应用模型预测控制。分时电价是由一个与市场和产消者进行交易的聚合器设计的。住宅产消者的DER是具有热电联产的燃料电池、CO2热泵热水器或电池。利用实测的能源需求和日照数据进行了数值模拟，以评估所开发的模型的性能。结果表明，该模型能够有效地集成预测误差，并为网格提供灵活性。最后，还评估了聚合者和产消者的经济。
Owing to the high penetration of renewable energy sources, power systems require more flexibility to respond to the fluctuation of variable renewable energy sources. However, flexibility provision by distributed energy resources (DERs) installed on the demand side is a cost-effective measure. In this study, we proposed a scheme that utilizes time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates as an incentive to encourage residential prosumers to provide more flexibility by controlling the DERs. In particular, we developed an energy management system model that applies model predictive control. The TOU rates were designed by an aggregator who traded with markets and prosumers. The DERs of residential prosumers were fuel cells with combined heat and power, CO2heat pump water heaters, or batteries. Numerical simulations using measured energy demand and insolation data were performed to evaluate the performance of the developed model. According to the results, the developed model could integrate prediction errors and provide flexibility to the grid. Finally, the economies of the aggregator and prosumers were also evaluated.