Improving the Conditions for Urban Resilience through Collaborative Learning of Parisian Urban Services
Improving the Conditions for Urban Resilience through Collaborative Learning of Parisian Urban Services
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000229
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Toubin;R. Laganier;Y. Diab;D. Serre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Toubin;R. Laganier;Y. Diab;D. Serre
城市韧性的概念通过将多尺度相互作用纳入城市系统内，揭示了短期和长期影响、空间依赖性和不平等，从而占据了领先地位。现在的问题是让地方当局和城市利益相关者能够掌握和应用复原力方法。支持城市发展的技术网络和城市服务（饮用水供应、公共交通等）是应用弹性概念的一个有趣的案例研究。巴黎市服务提供管理者对城市复原力方法进行了测试，证明了整合与协作的有效性。首先，每个管理器实现的自动诊断可识别服务依赖性及其在出现干扰时连续运行的能力。然后，研讨会提高经理对其相互依赖性的认识，并以综合方法将讨论引向技术和组织解决方案。然后通过对城市服务弹性的地域评估来完成这一宏观分析。在此过程中，空间和时间维度强调了差距，但也强调了管理弹性城市服务的回旋余地。我们的结果表明，管理者的策略可以集中于保护、适应或恢复他们的服务。然而，这些有时是矛盾的，并威胁到整个系统的弹性。事实上，在强调管理者制定的不同策略时，可以在不同的层面上讨论该地区的复原力：城市服务、城市服务系统、巴黎市和巴黎大都市。然后我们强调了应用韧性概念的困难，并提出了改善城市韧性和可持续性条件的解决方案。
The concept of urban resilience has taken a leading edge by incorporating the multiscalar interactions within an urban system, revealing the short- and long-term impacts, spatial dependencies, and inequalities. The issue now is to enable local authorities and urban stakeholders to grasp and apply the resilience approach. Technical networks and urban services supporting urban development (drinking water supply, public transportation, etc.) are an interesting case study to apply the resilience concept. The urban resilience approach, tested with the managers of service provision in the City of Paris, demonstrates the effectiveness of integration and collaboration. First, an autodiagnosis realized with each manager identifies the service dependencies and its capacity for continuous operation in case of disturbance. Then workshops raise manager awareness of their interdependencies and feed the discussion toward technical and organizational solutions in an integrated approach. This macroscopic analysis is then completed by a territorial assessment of urban service resilience. In doing so, the spatial and temporal dimensions emphasize gaps but also margins of manoeuver in managing resilient urban services. Our results show that manager strategies can be focused on protection, adaptation, or recovery of their service. However, these are sometimes contradictory and threaten the resilience of the whole system. Indeed, in highlighting the different strategies set up by managers, the region’s resilience can be discussed at different scales: the urban service, the system of urban services, the City of Paris, and the Parisian metropolis. Then we emphasize the difficulties in applying the resilience concept and suggest solutions to improve the conditions for urban resilience and sustainability.