Investigating an Acoustic Measure of Perceived Isochrony in Conversation: Preliminary Notes on the Role of Rhythm in Turn Transitions
Investigating an Acoustic Measure of Perceived Isochrony in Conversation: Preliminary Notes on the Role of Rhythm in Turn Transitions
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研究对话中感知等时性的声学测量：节奏在轮流转换中的作用的初步说明
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
G. Sullivan
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作者：
S. Mooney;G. Sullivan
在对等时性（谈话的节奏整合）的初步研究中，我们评估了先前理论化的节奏现象，以协调声信号中相关者的转向转换。节奏顺序是许多复杂的情境化线索之一，被认为有助于成功的回合转换。以往对对话节奏的研究只关注其感知和互动方面。在解决这一差距的过程中，我们的研究为这种有节奏的轮转的说法找到了定量的理由。我们选择了圣巴巴拉美国口语语料库（SBCSAE）中的12个非任务型并置对话进行声学分析。Marcus（1981）认为，元音的起音是距离有节奏的重拍发生的音节感知中心最近的声学可测量位置，因此测量元音起音之间的持续时间以创建韵律音节。并不是所有的韵律音节都可以包含节奏节拍，那些可以包含节奏节拍的音节在本质上被描述为“突出的”（cooper - kuhlen 1993）。在测量的42,807个韵律音节中，我们的方法产生了15,972个突出的韵律音节。当至少三个连续音程之间的持续时间的变化小于等时耐受性知觉阈值的保守测量值，即高达30%的方差时，突出音节之间的持续时间单位（以下简称音程）被判断为形成等时序列（Couper-Kuhlen 1993）。该测量在12个SBCSAE对话中揭示了564个节奏序列，其持续时间在1到10秒之间，由多达11个间隔组成。其中，208或37%出现在回合转换中，我们的初步分析结果表明，节奏顺序明显更有可能出现在回合转换中，而不是在回合转换之外。我们的分析表明，等时性在本质上不仅仅是感性的，而且在声学信号中具有可量化的相关性。我们发现SBCSAE语料库（一个经常用于语篇分析的语料库）的转折转折具有显著的等时性，这证实了许多互动社会语言学家长期以来的观点：节奏线索有助于说话者在转折转折中进行协调。我们可以确认，这些节奏线索不仅在感知上，而且在听觉上也是回合转换的组成部分。本文发表于宾夕法尼亚大学语言学工作论文：http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/ vol21/iss2/15 U.宾夕法尼亚大学语言学工作论文，卷21.2,2015研究对话中感知等时性的声学测量：节奏在回合转换中的作用的初步笔记*
In a preliminary investigation of isochrony, the rhythmic integration of talk, we evaluated rhythmic phenomena previously theorized to coordinate turn-transitions for correlates in the acoustic signal. Rhythmic sequencing is one of many elaborate contextualization cues regarded as facilitating a successful turn-transition. Previous studies of rhythm in conversation have attended only to its perceptual and interactional facets. In addressing this gap, our study finds quantitative justification for such claims of rhythmic turn-taking. We selected for acoustic analysis the twelve non-task-based, dyadic conversations of the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English (SBCSAE). Following Marcus’s (1981) assertion that the onset of the vowel is the closest acoustically-measurable location to the perceptual center of the syllable where the rhythmic downbeat occurs, duration was measured between vowel onsets to create prosodic syllables. Not all prosodic syllables can contain a rhythmic beat, and those that can are characterized as “prominent” in nature (Couper-Kuhlen 1993). Out of 42,807 prosodic syllables measured, our methods yielded 15,972 prominent prosodic syllables. The units of duration between prominent syllables, hereafter intervals, were judged to form an isochronous sequence when the durations between at least three consecutive intervals varied by less than the conservative measure of the perceptual threshold for tolerance of isochrony, up to a 30% variance (Couper-Kuhlen 1993). This measure revealed 564 rhythmic sequences across the twelve SBCSAE conversations, which ranged in duration between one and ten seconds and consisted of up to eleven intervals. Of these, 208 or 37% appeared within turn-transitions, and results from our preliminary analysis indicated that rhythmic sequencing was significantly more likely to appear within a turn-transition than outside of one. Our analysis shows that isochrony is not simply perceptual in nature, but that it has a quantifiable correlate in the acoustic signal. Our findings of significant isochrony in the turn-transitions of the SBCSAE, a corpus often used in discourse analysis, confirms what many interactional sociolinguists have long argued: that rhythmic cues aid the coordination of talk between speakers in turn-transitions. We can confirm that these rhythmic cues are a component of turn-transitions not only perceptually, but acoustically as well. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/ vol21/iss2/15 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 21.2, 2015 Investigating an Acoustic Measure of Perceived Isochrony in Conversation: Preliminary Notes on the Role of Rhythm in Turn Transitions Shannon Mooney and Grace C. Sullivan *