Biosynthesis of HSAF, a tetramic acid-containing macrolactam from Lysobacter enzymogenes.

Biosynthesis of HSAF, a tetramic acid-containing macrolactam from Lysobacter enzymogenes.
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DOI:
10.1021/ja105732c
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发表时间:
2011-02-02
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Du L
Du L
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lou L;Qian G;Xie Y;Hang J;Chen H;Zaleta-Rivera K;Li Y;Shen Y;Dussault PH;Liu F;Du L

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HSAF分离自产酶溶杆菌,一种用于植物真菌病害生物防治的细菌。在结构上,它是一种含特特拉姆酸的大环内酰胺,与三环系统稠合。HSAF通过破坏对丝状真菌极化生长重要的鞘脂而表现出一种新的作用模式。在这里,我们描述了HSAF生物合成基因簇,其中只包含一个单一的模块聚酮酶-非核糖体肽合成酶(PKS/NRPS),虽然HSAF的生物合成显然需要两个独立的聚酮链,连接在一起的一个氨基酸(鸟氨酸)通过两个酰胺键。PKS/NRPS的侧翼是六个基因,一侧编码四个紧密聚集的氧化还原酶的级联反应,另一侧编码固醇去饱和酶/脂肪酸羟化酶和铁氧还蛋白还原酶。遗传数据表明,除了PKS/NRPS基因和甾醇去饱和酶/脂肪酸羟化酶基因之外,四个氧化还原基因是HSAF生产所必需的。生化数据表明,NRPS的腺苷酸化结构域特异性地激活L-鸟氨酸,并且四结构域NRPS能够催化由酰基-S-ACP和鸟氨酰-S-NRPS形成含特特拉姆酸的产物。这些结果揭示了原核生物中杂合PK/NRP的先前未被认识的生物合成机制。
HSAF was isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes, a bacterium used in the biological control of fungal diseases of plants. Structurally, it is a tetramic acid-containing macrolactam fused to a tricyclic system. HSAF exhibits a novel mode of action by disrupting sphingolipids important to the polarized growth of filamentous fungi. Here, we described the HSAF biosynthetic gene cluster which contains only a single-module polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS), although the biosynthesis of HSAF apparently requires two separate polyketide chains that are linked together by one amino acid (ornithine) via two amide bonds. Flanking the PKS/NRPS are six genes, encoding a cascade of four tightly clustered redox enzymes on one side and a sterol desaturase/fatty acid hydroxylase and a ferredoxin reductase on the other side. The genetic data demonstrate that the four redox genes, in addition to the PKS/NRPS gene and the sterol desaturase/fatty acid hydroxylase gene, are required for HSAF production. The biochemical data show that the adenylation domain of the NRPS specifically activated L-ornithine and the four-domain NRPS was able to catalyze the formation of a tetramic acid-containing product from acyl-S-ACP and ornithinyl-S-NRPS. These results reveal a previously unrecognized biosynthetic mechanism for hybrid PK/NRP in prokaryotic organisms.
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