The public and effective risk communication
The public and effective risk communication
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.049
复制
发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Frewer, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frewer, L
公众对风险的看法往往以“非理性”为由不予理睬，而且往往被风险评估员和管理人员排除在政策过程之外。人们对不同风险的反应是由心理因素决定的。传统上由专家提供的技术风险估计不会像影响人们的风险认知那样影响他们的行为和反应。有些担忧是针对特定危险的。传达与风险估计相关的概率和可变性之间的区别也很重要。风险传播必须考虑到公众的实际关切(例如，潜在的负面环境影响、意外的人类健康影响或人口中的弱势群体)。当公众想要关于风险的信息时，他们更喜欢关于风险和相关不确定性的明确信息，包括不同专家之间分歧的性质和程度。此外，减轻风险活动的社会优先事项可能与专家组确定的优先事项不符。认为前者无关紧要，可能会导致对监管机构和行业动机的不信任增加，从而影响公众对与公共保护相关的监管活动的信心。对公众关切的认识和理解必须是有效的风险管理战略的基础。(C)2004爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Public perceptions of risk have often been dismissed on the basis of "irrationality", and have tended to be excluded from policy processes by risk assessors and managers. People's responses to different risks are determined by psychological factors. The technical risk estimates traditionally provided by experts do not influence people's behaviours and responses in the same way as their risk perceptions. Some concerns are very specific to particular hazard. It is also important to communicate the difference between probability and variability associated with risk estimates. Risk communication must take account of the actual concerns of the public (for example, potential for negative environmental impact, unintended human health effects, or vulnerable groups within the population). When the public want information about a risk, they prefer a clear message regarding risks and associated uncertainties, including the nature and extent of disagreements between different experts. Furthermore, societal priorities for risk mitigation activities may not align with those identified by expert groups. Dismissing the former as irrelevant may result increased distrust in the motives of regulators and industry, with consequences for public confidence in regulatory activities linked to public protection. Awareness and understanding of public concerns must be the basis of an effective risk management strategy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.