Dry weather fears of Britain's early 'industrial' canal network
Dry weather fears of Britain's early 'industrial' canal network
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干燥天气对英国早期“工业”运河网络的担忧
DOI：
10.1007/s10113-019-01524-5
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Harvey-Fishenden A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harvey-Fishenden A
英国第一次大规模的供水不是为了饮用水，而是为了运河网，工业革命的动脉。本文探讨了如何在十八世纪末和十九世纪初，从早期仪器来源重建干旱天气的插曲，影响了发展中的运河网络。分析表明，即使是相对较小的干旱事件，经常缺乏准备，也会导致用水者之间的冲突，可能造成严重的社会经济后果。由于要补偿其他用户供水损失或减少的经济压力，运河公司投资于技术和管理技术，这些技术和管理技术今天仍被用作减轻干旱的战略，例如建造大容量水库和抽取地下水。这一时期是现代供水系统发展的一个关键技术里程碑，反映了供水行业在应对干旱事件方面面临的当前挑战。虽然英国运河系统的故障不再有严重的经济影响，从这项研究中出现的主题是相关的供水今天，因为他们在18世纪，如水权和准备为潜在的未来极端天气情景的价值问题。一个新重建的复合降水系列查茨沃斯房子（1760年至今）。通过比较运河公司及其供水竞争对手档案中的天气记录，可以了解干旱可能产生的深远社会影响。
The first large-scale water supply in Britain was not for potable domestic supplies, but for the canal network, the arteries of the industrial revolution. This paper examines how episodes of dry weather in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, reconstructed from early instrumental sources, impacted the developing canal network. Analysis reveals how a frequent lack of preparedness for even relatively minor drought events resulted in conflict between water users, with potentially serious socio-economic consequences. The economic pressure of compensating other users for loss or reduction of their water supply resulted in canal companies investing in technologies and management techniques that continue to be used today as drought mitigation strategies, such as the building of large-capacity reservoirs and groundwater abstraction. This period represents a key technological milestone in the development of the modern water supply systems, contextualising current challenges faced by the water industry in responding to drought events. Although the failure of the British canal system no longer has serious economic impacts, themes emerge from this research which are as relevant for water supplies today as they were in the eighteenth century, such as issues around water rights and the value of preparing for potential future extreme weather scenarios. A newly reconstructed composite precipitation series for Chatsworth House is presented (1760–present). Through comparing weather records within the archives of canal companies and their competitors for water supplies, historical insight can be gained into the possible far-reaching societal impacts of drought.