Molecular comparison of historical and contemporary pine marten (Martes martes) populations in the British Isles: evidence of differing origins and fates, and implications for conservation management
Molecular comparison of historical and contemporary pine marten (Martes martes) populations in the British Isles: evidence of differing origins and fates, and implications for conservation management
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不列颠群岛历史和当代松貂 (Martes martes) 种群的分子比较：不同起源和命运的证据以及对保护管理的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
C. O’Reilly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Jordan;J. Messenger;P. Turner;Elizabeth Croose;J. Birks;C. O’Reilly
我们通过鉴定当代种群（1981年以来采样）的线粒体DNA （mtDNA）序列，并将这些序列与最初从同一地理区域收集的较老的“历史”博物馆标本（1981年以前）进行比较，研究了整个不列颠群岛欧洲松貂（Martes Martes）种群的起源和持久性。除了苏格兰，种群的单倍型组成似乎没有变化，在其他地方的当代和历史貂种群中发现的单倍型在时间和地理上都存在差异。虽然这些数据表明，当代爱尔兰人来自于20世纪早期到中期的一个遗留人口，但历史上和当代的英格兰人和威尔士人在特定mtDNA控制区单倍型的丰度上存在差异。这些数据似乎表明，特定的单倍型可能在20世纪初至中期的某个时间点从英格兰和威尔士丢失，但需要进一步的核DNA研究来确定这种转移是由于mtDNA控制区的快速遗传漂移而发生的，还是由于其他地方的松貂取代了遗留种群。如果报告的mtDNA单倍型的变化反映了种群灭绝事件，那么英格兰和威尔士历史上的松貂种群似乎在20世纪就已经灭绝了（威尔士在1950年之后，英格兰在1924年之后）。此外，最近出现的源自欧洲大陆的单倍型和美洲大蠊表明，英格兰和威尔士的遗孤种群已被偶尔释放、逃脱和/或迁移的动物所取代，或与它们杂交。讨论了这些结果对松貂保护，特别是放归的意义。
We investigated the origins and persistence of European pine marten (Martes martes) populations across the British Isles by identifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from contemporary populations (sampled since 1981) and comparing these with those of older ‘historical’ museum specimens (pre-1981) originally collected from the same geographic areas. Excluding Scotland, where the haplotype composition of populations appears to be unchanged, haplotypes found in contemporary and historical marten populations elsewhere differed both temporally and geographically. While these data suggest that the contemporary Irish population is descended from a relict population that passed through an early to mid 1900s bottleneck, the historical and contemporary English and Welsh populations differ in their abundance of specific mtDNA control region haplotypes. These data appear to suggest that particular haplotypes may have been lost from England and Wales at some point in the early to mid 1900s, but further nuclear DNA work is required to determine whether this shift has occurred by rapid genetic drift in the mtDNA control region or whether relict populations have been replaced by pine martens from elsewhere. If the reported shifts in mtDNA haplotypes reflect population extirpation events, historical pine marten populations of England and Wales would appear to have become extinct in the twentieth century (in Wales after 1950 and in England after 1924). Additionally, the recent occurrence of haplotypes originating from continental Europe, and of M. americana, suggest that relict populations of England and Wales have been replaced by, or hybridised with, occasional released, escaped and/or translocated animals. The implications of these results for pine marten conservation, and particularly reintroduction, are discussed.