Passive acoustic quantification of gas fluxes during controlled gas release experiments
Passive acoustic quantification of gas fluxes during controlled gas release experiments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.02.008
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
White, Paul R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berges, Benoit J. P.;Leighton, Timothy G.;White, Paul R.
水下气体释放的检测和量化对于海洋学和工业应用变得越来越重要。虽然几十年来，在实验室应用中，利用与声发射的自然频率相称的尺寸来检测每个单独的气泡注入事件已经是常见的，但是当数百个气泡同时释放时，这样做是不切实际的，因为可能发生大的甲烷渗漏，或者从气体管道或用于碳捕获和储存的海底设施泄漏。本文利用两个实验研究的数据，并证明了被动声学监测气体泄漏的这一水平的有用性。它首先显示了最近的一个模型，旨在反转在水箱中的气体释放的声发射的实验验证测试。两种不同的喷嘴类型的不同的气体流量估计使用这种声学反演和质量流量计的测量结果进行比较。估计被发现准确地预测释放的气体的体积。其次，本文演示了这种方法在海上的QICS项目（二氧化碳气体的控制释放）的框架。结果的形式，从气泡的气体流量估计。这些跟踪，具有良好的一致性，注入的气体和相关的数量级与潜水员测量。数据还表明与潮汐效应的相关性，潮汐高度每增加1 m，气体流量减少15.1 kg d（-1）（当转换为标准环境温度[25 ℃]和绝对压力[100 kPa]条件时，相当于5.9 L/min，SATP）。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The detection and quantification of an underwater gas release are becoming increasingly important for oceanographic and industrial applications. Whilst the detection of each individual bubble injection events, with commensurate sizing from the natural frequency of the acoustic emission, has been common for decades in laboratory applications, it is impractical to do this when hundreds of bubbles are released simultaneously, as can occur with large methane seeps, or leaks from gas pipelines or undersea facilities for carbon capture and storage. This paper draws on data from two experimental studies and demonstrates the usefulness of passive acoustics to monitor gas leaks of this level. It firstly shows experimental validation tests of a recent model aimed at inverting the acoustic emissions of gas releases in a water tank. Different gas flow rates for two different nozzle types are estimated using this acoustic inversion and compared to measurements from a mass flow meter. The estimates are found to predict accurately volumes of released gas. Secondly, this paper demonstrates the use of this method at sea in the framework of the QICS project (controlled release of CO2 gas). The results in the form of gas flow rate estimates from bubbles are presented. These track, with good agreement, the injected gas and correlate within an order of magnitude with diver measurements. Data also suggest correlation with tidal effects with a decrease of 15.1 kg d(-1) gas flow for every 1 m increase in tidal height (equivalent to 5.9 L/min when converted to standard ambient temperature [25 degrees C] and absolute pressure [100 kPa] conditions, SATP). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.