ORBITAL SYMMETRY CONTROL OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ORBITAL SYMMETRY CONTROL OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
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DOI：
10.1126/science.167.3919.825
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
WOODWARD, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOFFMANN, R;WOODWARD, RB
当化学反应过程中一个以上的键断裂或形成时，就会出现协调性的问题。下面说明的三种情况中的每一种，一种协同途径与一种通过双自由基中间体的过程形成对比。Roald Hoffmann和RB Woodward分子是原子核和电子的复杂三维组合，其中的原子亚结构在很大程度上被保存下来。现代化学家最不同于50年前的前辈的是对分子结构的三维认识。X射线结晶学、电子衍射、微波和磁共振光谱学以及其他结构测定方法的惊人进步，分子模型的普遍可获得性，出版商和编辑将三维结构的二维表示打印出来的意愿--所有这些因素都在我们的形象中创造了一场革命，即分子到底是什么样子，以及我们可以想象它们在化学反应过程中做了什么或不做什么。然而，完美的三维思维能力也伴随着一个有害的后果。
The question of concertedness arises whenever more than one bond is broken or formed in the course of a chemical reaction. For each of the three cases illustrated below a concerted pathway is contrasted with one proceeding through diradical intermediates. Roald Hoffmann and RB WoodwardMolecules are complicated three-dimensional assemblages of nuclei and electrons, in which the atomic substructure is to a great degreepreserved. It is three-dimensional awareness of the structure of molecules which most dis-tinguishes modern chemistsfrom their predecessors of 50 years ago. The phenomenal advances in x-ray crystallography, electron diffraction, micro-wave and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other methods of structure determination, the general availability of molecular models, the willingness of publishers and editors to set in type two-dimensional representations of threedimensional structures-all of these factors have created a revolution in our image of what molecules really look like and what we can conceive of them doing or not doing in the course of a chemical reaction. The perfection of the ability to think in three dimensions has, however, had one deleterious con-sequLence.