The role of cannabinoids in shaping lifespan neurodevelopment.
The role of cannabinoids in shaping lifespan neurodevelopment.
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DOI：
10.1002/jnr.25012
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Marusak, Hilary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marusak, Hilary A.
新兴研究强调了内源性大麻素 (eCB) 系统在整个生命周期中塑造神经和神经胶质发育的关键作用。事实上，研究表明 eCB 系统存在于妊娠早期，并调节突触发生、神经元分化、髓鞘形成和神经元迁移（MacCarrone、Guzmán、MacKie、Doherty 和 Harkany，2014）。在生命的后期，eCB 系统调节突触功能，包括对压力的反应、恐惧和焦虑等情绪相关过程以及动机行为 (deRoon-Cassini、Stollenwerk、Beatka 和 Hillard，2020)。本期《聚焦》重点介绍了大麻素在塑造从产前到成年的神经发育中的作用的令人兴奋的新研究，这与典型和非典型的认知、行为和情感功能相关。本期包含的三篇文章证明了 eCB 信号传导的遗传变异与恐惧消退电路和网络级功能连接的功能之间的关联，以及早期发育损伤对 eCB 系统的影响，特别是产前大麻暴露。第一篇文章由 Baglot 及其同事（2021）撰写，研究了大麻素在生命最早阶段（产前阶段）塑造神经发育中的作用。特别是，作者利用动物模型研究了产前接触大麻对母体血液、胎盘和胎儿大脑的影响。作者指出，这是一个需要研究的重要课题，因为 2002 年至 2017 年间，美国孕妇吸食大麻的比例增加了一倍多（Volkow、Han、Compton 等人，2019 年），多达五分之一的年轻孕妇（例如 24 岁以下）报告吸食大麻（Young-Wolff 等人，2017 年）。与此同时，近年来大麻成分的效力急剧增加，特别是具有精神活性的 Δ9-四氢大麻酚 (THC)（ElSohly 等人，2016）。然而，THC 已被证明会进行跨胎盘转移，因此可能会影响后代的神经发育（Grant、Petoff、Isoherranen、Stella 和 Burbacher，2018）。事实上，越来越多的文献表明，产前接触大麻对后代有不利影响，包括出生体重低（Ryan、Ammerman 和 O’Connor，2018 年）、脑容量较小以及儿童时期认知、行为和情感功能较差（Paul 等人，2021 年）。
Emerging research highlights the critical role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in shaping neural and glial development throughout the lifespan. Indeed, research shows that the eCB system is present early during gestation and modulates synaptogenesis, neuronal differentiation, myelination, and neuronal migration (MacCarrone, Guzmán, MacKie, Doherty, & Harkany, 2014). Later in life, the eCB system regulates synaptic functioning, including responses to stress, emotion-related processes such as fear and anxiety, and motivated behavior (deRoon-Cassini, Stollenwerk, Beatka, & Hillard, 2020). This In Focus issue highlights exciting new research on the role of cannabinoids in shaping neural development from the prenatal period through adulthood, which has relevance for typical and atypical cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning. The three articles included in this issue demonstrate associations between genetic variation in eCB signaling and functioning of fear extinction circuitry and network-level functional connectivity, as well as, the impact of early developmental insults to the eCB system, particularly prenatal cannabis exposure.The first article, by Baglot and colleagues (2021), examined the role of cannabinoids in shaping neural development from the earliest stages of life—the prenatal period. In particular, using animal models, the authors examined the impact of prenatal cannabis exposure on maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brain. The authors point out that this is an important topic to study because rates of cannabis use among pregnant people in the US have more than doubled between 2002 to 2017 (Volkow, Han, Compton, & Et al, 2019), with as many as one out of five younger pregnant people (eg, under age 24) reporting use (Young-Wolff et al., 2017). At the same time, there have been drastic increases in the potency of cannabis constituents, particularly the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), over recent years (ElSohly et al., 2016). However, THC has been shown to undergo cross-placental transfer and may therefore impact offspring neurodevelopment (Grant, Petroff, Isoherranen, Stella, & Burbacher, 2018). In fact, a small but growing body of literature demonstrates the detrimental effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring, including low birth weight (Ryan, Ammerman, & O’Connor, 2018), smaller brain volumes, and poor cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functioning in childhood (Paul et al., 2021).
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影响因子：
2.7
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